242 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



legists at Washing-ten, D. C, 1903, stated that it had entirely re- 

 placed the cumbersome and inadequate hopper-dozer. It is made 

 as follows : Take one part of Paris green, two parts of salt and 40 

 parts of horse manure by measure. Add sufficient water to make the 

 mass soft without being fluid. Distribute through the field to be 

 protected in quantity proportioned by the number of hoppers. 



The material may be scattered from a wagon and because of its 

 cheapness may be used sparingly over fairly extensive areas. We 

 recommend that it be given a very thorough test around the edges 

 of grain fields and other crops that may be threatened. We know 

 of no remedv to recommend for use on the the rangres. 



THE COMMON TOAD* 



It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to the value of 

 the toad to the fruit-grower, the gardener and farmer, to outline its 

 habits and life history and to urge that it be protected against de- 

 struction by thoughtless boys. 



At first thought an account of the toad may seem out of place 

 in a report of insect life. It is entered, Ifowever, on account of my 

 firm belief in its great economic value as a destroyer of terrestrial 

 insects, a large number of which are injurious to the interests of 

 man. 



As will be noted, I have freely consulted and often quoted Mr. 

 A. H. Kirkland's paper that treats of this animal, published as a 

 bulletin of the Massachusetts Experiment Station. His paper is the 

 most valuable that has been published on this subject. 



FALSE IDEAS CONCERNING THE TOAD. 



Since before the beginning of the Christian area students have 

 observed toads and written of their habits. Too frequently, however, 

 actual facts and superstitions have been confounded, with the re- 

 sult that the early literature on this interesting and valuable batrach- 

 ian is a queer medley of fact and fiction. 



For the sake of brevity we will pass over this topic very briefly 

 and omitting an account of the venomous character and medicinal 



*Bufo boreas 



