THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 



These facts arc to be borne in mind in cunnectiun with spraying 

 operations. 



THE FULL-GROWN LArlVA. 



The hirgc hirva is the best known form of the cocUinjj;- moth 

 but we may here call aUmtion to some characteristic features by 

 which this species may be distinguished from other kinds of larvae, 

 The body is pale yellow in general color excepting the back which 

 is usually pinkish. While in the very young larva the head is black, 

 when older it is brown, as are also the two shields, one just poster- 

 ior to the head, and one of the opposite extremity of the body. 

 Three pair of rudimentary legs occur at the anterior end and on 

 the posterior parts are hve pair of pro-legs which are of service 

 only through the larval stage. When full grown the larva is about 

 three fourths of in inch in length. 



THE COCOON AND PUPA. • 



A\ hen the lar\a has reached full size which re(|uires about 20 

 da} s it bores to the surface making the familiar large exit opening 

 on the side of the fruit. At the end of the passage a block of frass 

 is formed which is pushed aside as the larva leaves. Absence of the 

 block indicates that the larva has gone. 



On leaving the fruit the larva seeks a place in which to form 

 its cocoon. L^sually the trunk of a tree is preferred or if the ap- 

 ple has dropped to the grtiund a suitable place for pupation may be 

 found in a crack in the earth, under a clod of soil, in or 

 under any foreign (jbject. or the larva may ascend the tnmk 

 of a tree. (Jn the tree tlic cateri)illar prefers a crack or cre\"ise on 

 such seclusion as can be found in an old knot hole or decayed place 

 running into the heart of a tree or liml). Cocoons may often be 

 found under l)its of bark. Un smooth w^ell kept trees the larvae 

 often find no suitable place for pupation on the limbs, and in search- 

 ing for a place find their way to the trunk. Hence the utilitv of 

 bands as a means of luring scattering caterpillars to their tlestruc- 

 tion in cases where a very vigorous warfare is waged. I'late III 

 shows a photograph of a trunk of a tree taken to show a bad cavity 

 near the crotch which affords abundant opportunitv for nianv larvae 

 to hide out of reach of their bird enemies. Hands are also shown 

 as pro]KM-ly applied to furnish hiding cjuarters for the larvae before 



