Klem—The History of Science in St. Louis. 93 
West until 1819-20, when Major Stephen H. Long® and 
his corps of scientists made their famous explorations. 
From the reports of trappers, topographers had begun 
to suspect that the Platte river might possibly flow from 
some pass in the center of the Rockies, more accessible 
and more practicable than the round-about and difficult 
path of Lewis and Clark and the Astorians to the Pacific. 
In 1819 Major Stephen H. Long, a topographical engin- 
eer, who had made trips to the Red and Washita rivers 
in 1817-18, was sent by President Monroe to discover, 
if possible, this desirable South Pass, and on his return 
to make an attempt to determine the source of the Red 
river. 
As originally planned, the scientific observations were 
to be conducted by a company of specialists under the 
command of Major Long. Among his associates were 
Dr. William Baldwin,’ the botanist, who terminated his 
labors and his life on this expedition at Franklin, Mo.; 
Dr. Edwin James", Dr. Baldwin’s successor, who is best 
® Chittenden, H. M. The American fur trade of the far west. 2: 
562-587. 1902. 
Thwaites, R.G. Edwin James’s Account of an expedition from Pitts- 
burgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819, 1820. 
By order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the com- 
mand of Maj. S. H. Long, of the U. S. Top. Engineers. Early Western 
Travels 1748-1846. 1417. 1904 
10 Darlington, Wm. Reliquiae Baldwinianae. 1-346. 1843. 
Redfield, John. Dr. William Baldwin. Bot. Gaz. 8: 233-237. 1883. 
Harshberger, J. W. William Baldwin. Botanists of Philadelphia. 
119-125. 1899, 
Thwaites, R.G. Edwin James’s account of an expedition from Pitts- 
burgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1813, 1820, by 
order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the com- 
mand of Maj. S. H. Long, of the U. S. Top. Engineers. Early Western 
Travels 1748-1846. 14: 39. 1904. 
Spaulding, Perley. A megorne history of botany at St. Louis, 
Missouri. Pop. Sci. Month. 1908: 495-497. 
11 Parry, C.C. Dr. Edwin acie per Jour. Sci. and Arts. I. 33: 
428-430. 1862. ; 
Thwaites, R.G. Edwin James’s account of an expedition from Pitts- 
burgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819, 1820, by 
order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the com- 
