202 DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON ENTOZOA. [Feb. 1, 



of this narrow but well-marked band are worthy of further study. I 

 believe the parasites were all males ; but I was unable to detect the 

 external sexual openings. 



9. ECHINORHYNCHUS TRANSVERSUS (Rlld.) 



On the 18th of Febuary, 1875, I received from Dr. Hooker, Pres. 

 R.S., eleven examples of a small acanthocephalus worm for identifi- 

 cation. They were obtained by his son, Mr. Charles P. Hooker, 

 who subsequently informed me by letter that he had found them in 

 a Redwing (Turdus iliacus) which he dissected on or about the oth 

 of January, 18/5. It was also mentioned that the worms occupied 

 the large intestine, probably to the number of one hundred in all. 

 Hitherto this parasite has been found abundantly in the Blackbird, 

 Thrush, and in most of the Turdidce ; but not, I believe, in the Red- 

 wing. It has also been obtained from the Starling and Redbreast. 



The occurrence of so many of these armed parasites in one host is 

 a noteworthy circumstance ; and it is difficult to understand how 

 they could be present in such numbers without inflicting severe 

 injury on the bearer. Of course there is no proof that the bird did 

 not suffer inconvenience : at all events, analogous facts of parasitism 

 produced by other species of Echinorhynchi show that these Entozoa 

 are occasionally productive of fatal results. 



10. Echinorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing). 



On the 1st of November, 1875, I received from Prof. Flower, 

 F.R.S., a glass jar labelled as follows, " Entozoon found attached to 

 intestine of the Tamandua Ant-eater." The parasite was obtained 

 from the Society's Gardens on the 12th of August, 1871. 



The Brazilian traveller, Natterer, originally obtained this worm 

 from Myrmceophaya jubata and M. bivittata. Creplin described it 

 from a M. didactyla from Surinam (Wiegmann's Archiv, 1849). I 

 presume the M. tamandua answers to the M. bivittata of Geoffroy, 

 as well as to the tridactyle and tetradactyle species of Linnaeus. 



The parasite in question appears to have been solitary. It is a 

 female, measuring exactly 10 inches long. The annulations of the 

 body commence about h an inch from the head, and are continued 

 on uninterruptedly with great regularity to the end of the tail. 

 On the average, twenty rings may be counted to the inch ; thus 

 there are quite 200 altogether, as they are somewhat more closely 

 packed towards the neck and also at the tail. The proboscis was 

 firmly anchored within the gut ; and I was unsuccessful in my at- 

 tempt to dissect it out entire. For a space of \ of an inch in 

 diameter at the point of anchorage, the intestine was opaque from 

 inflammatory exudation. 



11. Echinorhynchus elegans (Diesing). 



Six or eight years back, Dr. Murie placed in my hands a glass jar 

 containing eight parasites. I could not examine them at the time ; 

 but on the 18th of April 1873 I made a careful study of the worms, 

 briefly noting down the principal facts of structure. Although the 



