1876.] AND LITTORAL CORALS. 431 



The corallum is simple, trochoid, straight, free, and without a 

 trace of adherence. The costae are not lamellar ; the septa are ex- 

 sert, being strongly spined laterally ; the columella is wanting or is 

 rudimentary ; and there are well developed pali before the septa of 

 the penultimate cycle. 



The genus resembles Turbinolia without a columella and with 

 pali. Its solitary species, a well-marked form, with three cycles 

 of septa, and sis large pali, was found in the Mayence Tertiary de- 

 posits, and was called by D'Orbigny Conocyathus sulcatus, from the 

 grooved appearance of its outside. 



Two specimens of simple corals were dredged up in Cook's Straits, 

 New Zealand, from no very great depth, and they were evidently 

 within this remarkable genus, differing very slightly from the fossil 

 form. 



Conocyathus zelandle, sp. n. (Plate XXXVIII. figs. 1-3.) 



The corallum is conical, the calice being circular in outline ; but 

 the lower third of the corallum diminishes suddenly, there being 

 fewer costae there than above. The base is rounded, and is costulate, 

 the costae are in ridges, and have distinct intercostal spaces. There 

 is no columella; but six large upward-projecting pali start around the 

 axis, and are placed before each secondary septum. There are three 

 cycles of fully developed septa, and there are three corresponding 

 cycles of costae ; and in addition there are costae of the fourth cycle in 

 each of the six systems ; but they correspond to rudimentary septa. 



Height -j^j- inch. Diameter of calice about y 1 ^ inch. 



The resemblance of this coral, at first sight, to a Turbinolian 

 without a columella is very striking. The pali are unusually large ; 

 and the existence of the costae, and in relation with rudimentary septa 

 of the fourth cycle, is very remarkable. 



Subfamily Trochocyathace.e. 

 Deltocyathus orientalis, sp. n. (Plate XXXVIII. figs. 4-7.) 



The corallum is short, turbinate, widely open at the calice, and it 

 has a circular spot to its base, which is without costae. The colu- 

 mella is exceedingly small ; the primary septa are very exsert ; and 

 the costae are subequal, crowded, granular, and project from the wall. 

 The septa are in four cycles ; but the higher orders are incomplete 

 in some systems. The pali are small and lower before the ter- 

 tiaries, and prominent and tall but not broad before the secondaries. 

 All the septa and the pali are closely granular. 



Height of coral \ inch. Breadth of calice i inch. 



Locality. Japanese seas. N. lat. 34° 12', E. long. 136° 20', in 52 

 fathoms. Collected by Capt. St. John. 



Paracyathus persicus, sp. n. (Plate XXXVIII. figs. 8-1 0.) 



The corallum is short, and the base is broader than the calice, 

 which is shallow and open. The costae are well developed, rounded 

 and subequal. The septa are close and crowded, broad, not exsert, 



29* 



