18/6.] AND LITTORAL CORALS. 435 



primary and secondary orders project. There is no columella ; and 

 the calicular fossa is very deep. 



The genus is allied to Desmophyllum, Ehrenberg ; but the ab- 

 sence of exsert higher orders of septa and the dense epitheca sepa- 

 rate it from this form. 



Javania insignis, sp. n. (Plate XXXIX. figs. 11-13.) 



The corallum has a broad incrusting base, above which it is 

 smaller and cylindrical, and it expands gradually, being compressed 

 from side to side. The calice is elliptical, and the axes are on the 

 the same plane ; the septa are very unequal ; and there are four cycles 

 and part of the fifth. There are twelve nearly equal exsert septa, 

 and twelve tertiaries which are less exsert and smaller. Between 

 these septa there are in some parts three small and well-developed 

 septa, and sometimes two or none. The larger septa are nearly 

 without ornamentation and are thick ; and they approach the long- 

 axis space, deficient in columella. The epitheca is stout and plain 

 inferiorly, but towards the calice it becomes pellicular and arranged 

 in series of transverse festoons. These curve up to the prominent 

 and bluntly serrate costee, which correspond to the septa of the three 

 front cycles. The other septa have no costae. The calicular margin 

 has the epitheca continued to it; and the costae of the primaries and 

 secondaries are exsert and wide, as are those of the tertiaries which 

 form the costal prolongations down the wall. 



Height \\ inch. 



locality.' Japanese sea, N. lat. 34° 13', E. long. 130° 13', 48 

 fathoms. Collected by Capt. St. John. 



There is some difficulty in classifying the next species, on account 

 of the very arbitrary manner in which certain modifications of the in- 

 ternal parts of the septa are decided to be pali. Pali, in the strict and 

 proper sense should arise from the internal base of the corallite, and 

 should be placed between certain septa and the columella, or the 

 axial space, when this last is deficient. They may adhere to the 

 septa ; but in either case the ornamentation and general arrangement 

 of the sclerenchyma of the pali differ from those of the septa. A row 

 of pali infers an extra row of tentacles. But the term pali is given 

 to prominent dentations of the inner margin of septa, or to the inner 

 margins when their dentition differs from that of the rest of the 

 laminae, in Phyllangia for instance. This is not correct : such 

 structures may be termed papillose ; but this will not permit of the 

 corallites being classified as having pali. In the species about to 

 be described the inner part of all the septa is more or less peculiarized 

 by broad, widely separated, complicated granulations, or rougli 

 papillae. The linear series of these ornaments simulate pali ; but I 

 am not disposed to admit that they are those accessory structures. 

 Were they pali, the form would fairly come near to Gray's Hetero- 

 cyathus, as it stood first of all — not as one of the synapticulate corals 

 according to Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime, but a true member of 

 the old group of Trochocyathacese. 



