510 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE ANATOMY [June 6, 



Struthidea, Pitta, Cotinga, 



Heteralocha, Rupicola, Furnarius, 



Dicrurus, Lipaugus, Picolaptes, 



Prosthemadera, Tyrannus, Thamnophilus, 



Melanocorypha, Chasmorhynchus, Gralluria, 



Strepera, Pipra, Pteroptochus, 



Menura, Tityra, Hylactes. 



Atrichia, Hadrostomus, 



The only apparent exceptions I have found are the following. 

 In Pteroptochus aJbicollis and in Hylactes megapodius the muscular 

 fibres of the extensor met. rad. longus almost surround and enclose 

 the tendons in question. Such being the case, the arrangement 

 does not at first sight appear typically Passerine. Nevertheless, 

 upon removing or pushing to one side these covering fibres, the two 

 tendons are seen arranged exactly as in other members of the Order. 



In Menura superba and in Atrichia rufescens, feeble-winged birds 

 again, the arrangement is not typical, and the disposition of the 

 parts is almost exactly as in the Pici, as above described. In other 

 words there are not two tendons, one only being found, simple and 

 broad, apparently produced by the blending of the two. Plate LI. 

 fig. 2 represents the elbow-region of Menura as seen from its outer 

 side. 



All other Passerine birds which I have examined follow the single 

 type, differing only in the angular divergence of the tendons, their 

 humeral attachments being much separated in most Sturnidoe, 

 Gymnorhinse, and Tyrannidse for example, but closely approximated 

 in Tropidorhynchus, Rupicola, and others. 



A short review of the peculiarities of the insertion of the tensor 

 patagii brevis muscle in other birds will tend to render the impor- 

 tance of the character more clear, and may add some facts of interest 

 in an ornithological point of view ; for it is not in the least difficult 

 for any one who has compared these structures in the various 

 orders of the class to decide by an inspection of the outer surface 

 of the elbow to which division any specimen belongs ; and for the 

 satisfaction of those naturalists who consider it essential that cha- 

 racters of importance should be verifiable on all occasions, it may be 

 mentioned that from almost any skin it is possible to decide the 

 point by soaking it, or the wing alone, in cold water, and carefully 

 removing the tegument thus relaxed. On the present occasion the 

 arrangement in the Anomalogonatae will also be almost solely dis- 

 cussed, although among the Homalogonatse characters of nearly 

 equal significance {ire attainable, somewhat diminished in clearness 

 in some cases by the diffused state of the tendons. 



In the Galbulidse, as represented by Galbula albirostris and 

 Urogalba paradisea (spirit-specimens of both of which genera have 

 been kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Salvin), the tendon of the 

 short tensor is simple, or it splits slightly before it meets the meta- 

 carpal extensor (where the distal moiety there terminates). Its 

 main continuation sends back to the outer side of the lower end of 



