512 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE ANATOMY [June 6, 



ulnar superficial fascia, where it becomes lost. It sends forwards a 

 fasciculus from about its middle, to end like the similar band in the 

 Meropidse. It is figured in Plate L. fig. 2. Its difference from the 

 Passerine arrangement is well-marked. 



In tbe Bucerotidse, as found in several species of Buceros, Toccus, 

 and Bucorvus, tbe only difference from Upupa is that tbe extra outer 

 fasciculus is very much shorter, as seen in Plate XL IX. fig. 2. The 

 lengthy tendon from the major pectoral, which is particularly large, 

 is represented. 



In tbe Alcedinidse tbe differences are so considerable in tbe several 

 genera that I reserve the description of the muscle in this order for 

 a future occasion. 



As tbe Cuculidse and Musophagidse are frequently included to- 

 gether with the families above referred to, the arrangement of the 

 short tensor in these birds is represented in Plate L. fig. 3 and in 

 Plate XLIX. fig. 3. In all the Cuculidse the undivided tendon runs 

 on to the ulnar superficial fascia without any complication. In the 

 Musophagidse the whole tendon is comparatively feeble, and, if it 

 were more definite at its margins, would be exactly like that in Upupa. 



Next, with reference to the division of the order Passeres into 

 minor sections. 



Four or five pairs of muscles running to the ends of tbe topmost 

 three bronchial semirings constitute tbe Oscine syrinx, the distinc- 

 tive features of which are therefore its acromyodian and complex 

 nature. MM. Keyserling and Blasius were tbe first to associate 

 with this the hilaminate planta — an exception to which occurs in the 

 case of the Alaudidae, as we all know, these birds possessing a divided 

 planta together with an Oscine syrinx. Mr. Sclater has kindly 

 referred me to a paper by Mr. Strickland* on Heterocnemis ncevia 

 (there called Holocnemis Jtammata), in which it is shown that in that 

 Formicarian bird the character of the planta is indistinguishable 

 from that of the hilaminate Oscines. With reference to this and 

 closely allied genera it must.be noted that the scutellation of the 

 front of the tarsus is also obliterated, so that the simplicity of the 

 planta is only a participation of tbe condition which maintains in the 

 tarsus generally. Therefore, with this exception (which from its 

 associations can hardly be looked upon as such), it may be said as 

 yet that no bird which is not acromyodian has a hilaminate planta. 



Nevertheless the law enunciated by Oabanis, to tbe effect that 

 when in a Passerine bird possessing ten primary reiniges tbe first 

 is very long, then that bird is not Oscine (or Acromyodian), but 

 " Clamatorial " (or Mesornyodian), led that able ornithologist to 

 place Pitta in the latter group, although it possesses a hilaminate 

 planta ; since which time Johannes M idler is not the only biologist 

 who has wished to know tbe nature of the syrinx of that bird, of 

 which Sundevallf, in 1872, remarks, " musculi laryngis inferioris 

 ignoti." 



* Annals and Mag. Nat, Hist. 1844, vol. xiii. p. 415. 

 t Method, nat. Av. disp. Tentamen, 1872, p. 5. 



