ORDERS. 43 
3. Scansores, (grimpeurs,) climbers ; includ- 
ing those birds whose outer toe is directed back- 
wards with the thumb-toe, by which they are sup- 
ported in climbing and in fastening themselves to 
trunks of trees. 
Examples. Woodpecker, wryneck, cuckoo, 
barbet, parrot, parrakeet. 
4, Gauuinaces, including all gallinaceous or 
henlike birds. Forward toes united partially at the 
base and jagged along their edges. 
Examples. Peacock, turkey, pheasant, hen, 
grous, patridge, quail, pigeon. 
5. GRaLuaTores, (echassiers,) large-stepping 
birds, mostly with the two outer toes partially 
united. 3 
They either wade in water or run on dry land, 
The strong-bilied kind mostly live on fish ; those 
with slender bills feed on insects. 
Examples. Ostrich, lapwing, plover, oyster- 
catcher, crane, stork, heron, boat-bill, ibis, spoon- 
bill, woodcock, curlew, sand-piper, screamer, rail, 
coot, water-hen, flamingo. 
_ 6. AnsereEs, (palmipedes,) feet palmate, most- 
ly having the toes connected by membranes, and 
formed for swimming. 7 
Examples. Diver, merganser, auk, penguin, 
petrel, albatross, gull, tern, skimmer, pelican, 
goose, duck, swan. 
Ill. CLASS AMPHIBIA 
IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR ORDERS. 
4. Cuevonia, reptiles with two auricles to the 
heart ; having back shells and four feet. 
SA 
oe: 
