CARNIVOROUS QUADRUPEDS. 53 
Ces 
Fig. 34.—Wolf. 
the Atlantic coast, and they were not wholly extermin- 
ated till recently. The story of Putnam and the Wolf 
is familiar to every one. They were extirpated in En- 
gland about 1350, in Scotland in 1600, and Ireland in 
1700. They still abound in various parts of Europe and 
Northern Asia, and destroy great numbers of domesti- 
cated animals, as is shown by a report made in 1822 to 
the Russian government in regard to the district of Li- 
vonia, a tract of country about 250 miles long by 150 
broad. The animals stated as having been destroyed by 
wolves are as follows: horses, 1841; cattle, 1807; calves, 
733 5 sheep, 15,182; lambs, 726; goats, 2545; kids, 183; 
Swine, 4190; young pigs, 312; dogs, 703; geese, 673 ; 
fowls, 1243. The Wolf is a gaunt but strong animal, 
with a skulking gait, and his aspect is marked by min- 
gled ferocity, cunning, and cowardice. There are sev- 
eral species of wolves, especially in America, but their 
habits and character are very much the same. 
84. The Fox, Fig. 35 (p. 54), is characterized chiefly 
by its pointed muzzle and its bushy tail. Its cunning is 
also proverbial. It is usually concealed in the daytime 
either in a burrow that it has made, or in one that it has 
