CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. ae 
24. I divide the class Mammals into five sub-classes : 
1. Bimana (Latin b¢s twice, and manus hand), two-hand- 
ed animals. Man is the only representative of this sub- 
class. 2. Pedimana ( Pes foot, and manus), foot-handed 
animals. ‘This is the ape and monkey tribe. The name 
which I have given it is different from that which it 
commonly has in the classifications of zoologists, and the 
grounds of the change I will state when I come to speak 
particularly of this tribe. 3. Cheiroptera, hand-winged 
animals, or the bat tribe. This name is taken from two 
Greek words, yep, cheir, hand, and zrepov, pteron, wing. 
4. Quadrupeds, or four-footed Mammals. Of these there 
are two divisions, the Unguiculata (Latin unguis, a nail 
or claw), and the Ungulata, from ungula, a hoof. 5. 
Cetacea, marine Mammals, or the whale tribe. These 
have neither hands nor feet. They were formerly class- 
ed with fishes, but although they are shaped like fishes, 
they have warm blood, and suckle their young, and have 
lungs and not gills. They, therefore, belong among 
«Mammals, although they live in the water. 
Questions.—W hat are the four grand divisions of the Animal King- 
dom? Describe the skeleton of man. What is said of the central 
column of bones? Describe its arrangement in man. What is said 
of this column in quadrupeds? What of it in birds? What of it in 
fishes? What of it in the turtle tribe? What of it in the body, 
~ neck, and tails of various Vertebrates? What of it in the snakes? 
What is said of the variety in the skeletons of different vertebrates ? 
Why are they called Vertebrates? What is said of the nervous sys- 
tem of the Vertebrates? Describe the arrangement of the spinal mar- 
row. What gives the Articulates their name? How are the muscles 
of the Articulates arranged? What are the chief classes of this sub- 
kingdom? What is said of the covering of these different tribes ? 
Describe_the arrangement of the nervous system of the Articulates. 
What is said of the Mollusks? Why do the Radiates have this name? 
What is the arrangement of their nervous system? What is said of 
the relative rank of the four sub-kingdoms? What of the use of the 
word perfect in regard to organization? Give the distinction between 
species and varieties. Give the various terms used in classification 
and their meaning. What are the grand divisions of the Vertebrates ? 
