* 
RUMINANT QUADRUPEDS. 97 
off, and the Deer gets rid of it by rubbing his antlers 
against the trees. 
165. The females of this family, except in the case of 
the Reindeer, have no antlers. In those species that are 
found in extremely cold climates, as the Elk, Fig. 81, 
Fig. 81.—The EIk. 
the antlers are apt to be flattened, “as if,” says Carpen- 
ter, “‘ they were destined to be used by the animal, like 
shovels, in clearing the snow from off its food.” The 
animals of this tribe are celebrated for both their beauty 
and speed. They are distributed over all parts of the 
globe, except Australia, and the southern and central 
regions of Africa, these regions being sup dlied in place 
of them with Giraffes and multitudes of Antelopes. 
166. The Reindeer is seen throughout the Arctic re- 
gions of America, Europe, and Asia. It lives in summer 
on the buds and twigs of small shrubs, and in winter on 
a lichen growing under the snow, which it digs up with 
K 
