SCALE-WINGED INSECTS. 285 
they remain till spring, when the caterpillars are hatched 
from them. Various expedients have been devised for 
destroying the females as they go up the trees to lay 
their eggs. The most effectual one is that adopted so 
extensively in New Haven to save its noble elms. It is 
a leaden tr ough placed around the trunk of the tree " 
which there is some kind of oil. 
485. Professor Jaeger very playfully says of the oe 
of the perfect insects of this order that, ‘“‘in comparison 
with the other orders of insects, they are well entitled to 
the rank of nobility, for among them we find no impu- 
dent beggars and spongers, as among the Flies; no par- 
asites, as among the wingless insects ; no working-class, 
as among the Hymenopterous insects—Bees, Wasps, and 
Ants; no musicians, as among the families of Crickets, 
Grasshoppers, Katydids, and Cicadas; but all of them 
are aristocratic idlers, who, clothed with silver, gold, and 
purple, and ornamented with ever-varying splendor, have 
naught to do but seek their own pleasure, and charm 
away their brief existence, fluttermg from bough to 
bough, and satiating themselves with the sweet nectar 
of flowers.” 
486. We divide the Lepidoptera into two sections— 
the Butterflies and the Moths. The Butterflies may usu- 
ally be distinguished by the vertical position of their 
wings when they are at rest, and by their having the an- 
tennz slender, and club-shaped at the end. They are 
diurnal in their habits, and they are therefore brilliant, 
generally, in their colors. The under side of the wings 
is as beautiful as the upper. The pupz of many of this 
group have golden spots, from which the term chrysalis 
was suggested, and also aurelia, which is a Latin word 
of the same meaning with the former, which is Greek. 
These terms ought strictly to be applied only to the pupze 
of Butterflies, but they have come to be applied to pup 
of all kinds.” 
487. The Butterflies are divided into five families, ac- 
