Statistics of the Flora of the Northern States. 67 
tion of our district; and so, along the coasts and great rivers, 
does the variety echinatum (which most botanists will still fanc 
to be very distinct) ; but the latter, more widely dispersed over 
the world, is probably an immigrant from farther south. The 
real home of the species is uncertain: it could not be expected 
occur much north of lat. 46°. 
Betula alba and Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis are the only 
woody plants upon the list. As to the first, I have followed 
Spach in considering our White Birch identical with the Euro- 
pean. It occurs only from the eastern part of Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey to Maine, and not far from the coast, reaching barely 
to about the 46th parallel, one or two degrees beyond the Chest- 
nut. In Western Europe B. alba extends into the arctic regions. 
The American tree should be critically compared anew with the 
European. At present the White Birch and the Chestnut are our 
only trees here considered as specifically identical with European 
ones ; unless we add our low and procumbent representative of 
the Yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis). If a striking differ- 
ence in habit or mode of growth alone may be relied upon for 
characters, then our Yew must be specifically distinct from that 
of Europe. Other differences, however, have not been detected. 
ur Yew, according to Richardson, merely reaches the southern 
borders of the Saskatchawan basin, say about lat. 50°. In Ore- 
gon there are Yew trees with the port of the ordinary 7! baccaia, 
Which appears not to occur in Northern Asia, although Dr. 
Hooker recognizes it in the Himalayas. 
uncus Sty 
only known habitat on the North American continent is a bog ad- 
jommng a small lake in Jefferson county, New York, lat. 44°, 
Where I found it in great abundance twenty-four years ago. | 
tt has been collected in Newfoundland, probably south of lat. 
49°. This is a mainl dinavian’ species, of h gh northern 
n . 
Tange, not found in Denmark, according to Fries, 
Northeas iberia, but Trautvetter 
rula, fubithecs sen = ta taken for it, he finds on reéxam- 
ination, to be J. castaneus. In all probability it grows in Lower 
a : but if in Northern British a it could hardly 
ve been overlooked by Richardson and Drummond. ‘ig 
ree fulva is poner species unknown in Northern British 
America, found at only one station in the United States, and else- 
Where only in Newfoundland, whence Goodenough received the 
ecimens on which he founded the species. In Europe, it is 
Searcely found north of lat. 60. . eC 
