te 
Coal-fields of the East Indian Archipelago. 159 
communication with Celebes and the Moluccas, steam engines are 
pretty constantly employed in pumping out the dry-dock and in 
orking the machinery of the great steam factory, where the 
engines of government, and of the sugar Jabriques in the eastern 
part of Java are made and repaired. The Banjar-Massin coal is 
well adapted for steam purposes, as it burns freely and does not 
cake or “clinker,” but for the same reason it is not so well 
adapted for the forge as English or Australian Newcastle coal. 
The cost of the mineral, delivered at the depot in Banjar-Massin 
is 2 guilders (3s 4d) per ton, and the freight across to Sourabaya 
varies from 5 to 8 guilders more. It is usually exported in large 
. blocks of an oblong form, the small coal being either thrown 
aside or kept for home use. Large prahus and square-rigged 
vessels belonging to Arab and native traders of Sourabaya and 
Grisse are chiefly employed in the transport, and as they would 
otherwise have io lie idle during several months of the year, the 
eight is sometimes very low. During the southeast monsoon, 
2 voyage across, both ways, rarely lasts more than two or three 
YS. 
The mines of Koti lie on the banks of the river of that name, 
r. 
by M 
seas for the transport of merchandize, the Koti mines wil 
be found useful in supplying coal depots in the Strait of Macas- 
dis 
ams of coal have been found at Retéh and Palembang, on 
the east coast of Sumatra; near Macassar, on the island of 
ae It will be found on examination that all these are inclu- 
Within the submerged plateau which extends from the south- 
*astern part of Asia nearly two-thirds of the distance across to 
amination will show that they occur only on those parts of the 
Plateau which have been subjected to violent upheaval since the 
ormation of the sedimentary rocks, a process which has til 
and broken through the strata, exposing sections to the view of 
any traveller who may be peeing over the country. It is thus 
Id in 
__ iscovered, and we believe that in every instance the discovere 
b> hen) hy nd we 1 y 
the natives of the country, to whom, indeed, the exist- 
* 
