On Compounds of Ethylene. 177 
one equivalent of hydrogen. These two classes stand in the 
closest relation to each other, and it is by no means improbable 
that one class may pass, over into the other, for instance, that the 
radical propyl CoH: ora pro yl compound may be converted 
Into allyl or an allyl nsinpinedl 
There exist parallel with these three series of radicals which 
form alcohols, three other groups of radicals, which in acids play 
exactly the same part that in the alcohols is assigned to the 
cals of the alcohols and this close connection is particularly well 
established between the first series of aleohol-forming radicals and 
the Corresponding series of acid-forming radicals. 
Methyl, CoH: —2H+4+20=Formyl, CHO: 
Ethyl, CsHs —2H+20= Acetyl, CsHs0z 
Propyl, CoH: — 2H+20 = Propionyl, CsH;O2 
Formic, acetic and propionic acids are formed by the imper- 
fect oxydation of methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-aleohol; and we 
net them to be simple substitution products of these 
Conols, 
By means of the electric current we are able to produce ethyl, 
Methyl and hydrogen from propionic, acetic and formic acid, and 
t acids we may reproduce again by the action of hydrate of 
ary on the cyanogen compounds of hydrogen, methyl and 
ethyl, 
. Both series of radicals are chained together by these reac- 
Hons, and we may view acetyl and propionyl as formyl, the 
h drogen of which is replaced by methyl and ethyl. 
: Formyl, = C2(H)O2 
Acetyl, 
Propionyl, 
There is no doubt that the same relation exists between the 
hydrocarbons of the other series of radicals and the radicals of 
wd 
22 
fol:-| 
m 
io) 
he CaHy propylene, &., and the radicals o the bibasic 
Which are homo es. of succinic acid CsH«Os. 
SECOND SERIES, VoL, XXIII, NO. 68—MARCH, 1857. _ 
23 
