346 G. P. Scrope on Craters, and the Liquidity of Lavas. 
the two former considerable pumice, lava, and ashes fell. There 
were seven vessels in the straits at the time of the occurrence, — 
the names of three of which I could not learn. yas 
+ 
' The outburst was accompanied with violent shocks of earth- + 4 
quake. It is the opinion of Captain Newell, of the Alice Frazer, 
that considerable shoaling has been the result of this submarine 
action. 
Arr. XXXV.—On the Formation of Craters, and the Nature of 
the Liquidity of Lavas ;* by G. Poutert Scrorg, Esq., M.P., 
F.RS., F.G:S. , 
ey CONTENTS. 
Introduction. 
Formation of Cones and Craters. 
Hypotheses of crater-formation by “ Elevation,” “Denudation,” and “ Engulf 
~ ment.” 
‘  Cireular form of Craters. 
History of Vesuvius. , 
_ IL Nature of the Liquidity of Lavas. 
Platonic rocks. ; Ty af 
_ Lamination, cleavage, and foldings of rocks. . 
nean energies usually called volcanic, which have played so im- 
portant a part in the construction of the superficial crust of our 
planet. 
cal 
portion of these works was the same which had been af 
employed by Hutton and Playfair, and was subsequently adop 
1 Journ. Geol, Soc. xii, 326. : 
erations on Volcanos,” dc. 1825-6. “On the Geology of 
‘ tae Si i ie oe: wee abe Son eee at beagles a 
