358 G. P. Scrope on Craters, and the Liquidity of Lavas. 
top. In fact, nothing but an outer shell of it was left (fig. 3). 
Eruptions, however, soon recommenced. In 1826-7 a small 
cone was formed at the bottom of the crater, and, continuing in 
activity, had reached a height which rendered it visible from 
Fig. 3.— Crater of Vesuvius after the Eruption of October, 1822. 
Naples in 1829, when of course it must have nearly filled up the 
crater. In 1830 it was 200 feet higher than the crater’s mm; 
and in 1831 this cavity was completely filled, and the lava 
streams began to flow over it down the outer cone. In the win- 
ter of that year a violent eruption once more emptied the bowels 
of the mountain, and left a new crater, which soon began to 
again from ejections upon its floor; and by the month of August 
1884, this crater had been in its turn obliterated, and lava over 
flowed its edge towards Ottaiano. In 1839 the cone was again 
cleared out, and a new crater appeared in the shape of a vast 
funnel, accessible to its bottom, which for a few years then re- 
mained in a tranquil state. In 1841, however, a small cone be- 
gan to form within it, and increased so rapidly, that in 1840 16 
was visible from Naples above the brim of the crater, which soon 
after was completely filled. And the cone from that time went - 
on increasing in bulk and height from the effect of minor erup- 
tions, until in 1850 one of a violently explosive character open 
the two deep craters on its summit, of which I have already 
Aone The more recent eruption of May last, being conse 
chiefly to a prodigious efflux of lava from the outer side of the 
one, unaccompanied by any extraordinary explosive bursts 
from the summit, has not altered materially the form impressed 
upon it in 1850. 
It is thus seen that within the last 100 years the cone of Ve- 
suvius has been five several times gutted by explosive Oe are 
of a paroxysmal character, viz., in 1794, 1822, 1831, 1839, ane 
1850; and its central craters formed in this manner as ole 
gradually refilled with matter, to be again in due time blown 
