‘ . 
T. S. Parvin on the Climate of Iowa. 363 
Time of first and last Frosts and formation of Ice, for the years 1859-1856, with 
the average period of each. ; 
th 
| Mean 
1854. | 1855. | 1856. | Time. 
Oct. 15|Sept. 27/Sept. 24/Sep. 
Y EARS. 
F | 
28 Ne 18 1850] 1851, | 1858. | 1853. 
Frost first, .. |Sept. 7 Sept. 28/Sept. 26/Sept. 10 
“ Tast,.../April23|May 5/May 20\May 25|May 2\May 6/April19 May 
Tce first, ..../Sept, 29/Oct. 15/Sept. 26Oct. 2/Oct. 15 Oct. 25/Sept. 24/Oct. 7 
“last, ....|April23/May 1|April22|May 13/May 2/May 6|April 19|Apr.29 
Period of the Flowering of Fruit Trees, for the years 1850-56, with the average 
period of each, 
Wisteiren fT Eee ie 
“ae 1890. | 1851. {| 1852. | 1853. | 1854. | 1855. | 1856. || Time. 
Apple,..... May 3) May 3) May 10} May 4) Apr. 24/ Apr. 29|May 12/May 3 
Peach, ..... x tee a 1} “ 10) Apr. = Oe 1 aud 
Vesecp oa Mee eee 2 ee Be oy 
Bil cas. Apr.29| « ‘ « 2) « 10) “19 « 8 
ses ee ee ee L.* teas 
Quince, “ Biase, “ 101 « 18, 
Additional Remarks. 
‘Year. Temperature—The mean temperature of the year at 
this point for seven years past is 47-05 degrees, while that of the 
Past year is only 44°73, or 2°32 less than the septennial average, 
and is the coldest year of the seven; the range being from 46-28°, 
In 1850, to 49:81°, in 1854, The winter was intensely cold, all 
€ months ranging below the corresponding means, while the 
spring month, the last summer month, and the first and last 
autumn months, were also below the corresponding means of 
th 
The river did not open until the 29th of March, four weeks 
om of its opening, and the spring was very 
. € severe winter had killed all the peach, Ps and 
quince trees in this region, and about three-fourths « the a 
and nearly one-fourth of the apple i were seriously inju 
°F entirely killed by the low temperature. je 
Rain.—The total quantity of ach and melted snow for the 
year is 32°71 inches, (the discrepancy between this number and 
the footing in the first table arises from the fact that in that the 
legal year is accounted, and in this the astronomical year is re- 
corded, and throughout the tableof “ Rain” and “Snow” Decem- 
ber of °49 is counted and December of ’56 omitted), being 1055 
Inches less than the septennial mean of 48°26 inches. The annual 
Tange in quantity has been very great, from 22°06 inches 14 
1854, to 73:00 inches in 1851. It was in this latter year that e 
‘gh water occurred in the Mississippi and its tributaries—the 
highest known to that mysterious person, “the oldest inhabit- 
