436 Scientific Intelligence. 
Kilauea, and it is also true of ad/ the eruptions I - noticed. Now if 
you were in Hilo, you would see a continuous volume of f smoke ascend- 
ing from the terminal point and another from the ge at of the stream 
—separated in a direct line forty miles, and by route of the flow seventy 
miles—while between these extreme points you see no smoke an 
no evidence of fire* beneath, except the radiation of heat as pass 
up, or cross and recross this immense stream of solidified lavas. The 
smoke at the fountain is mineral—that at the end of the stream is from 
vegetation, and only here the fusion now makes its apPORT eRe pressing 
on its way into the woods—having come, as I believe, all the way from 
the mountain under cover, without showing itself at a single point. I do 
not mean that it has tunneled the m mountain, or melted a lateral duet 
through its mural sides. The process is thus: lavas flowing on the sur- 
face and exposed to the atmosphere, unless moving with great velocity, 
as down steep hills, soon refrigerate on the surface, as water freezes first 
on the top. This hardened surface thickens, until it extends downward 
1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 feet, as the case may be. Under pe: superstra- 
tum the 
atmosphere, and thus 
n the Bap 
se 
t high, and 
rh, the red.and 
= So Onites -ceaaeaen te stn ae i 
“cee mamma rte on the surface. When the hardening and and blacken- 
