KANGAROOS. 241 
always connected by a longitudinal bridge. The true kangaroos and wallabies 
comprise twenty-three living species, as well as several which are extinct; and 
they are found not only in Australia and New Guinea, but also in some of the 
islands to the eastward. While the larger species are as tall as a man, the smallest 
do not exceed the dimensions of a rabbit. They may be divided into three groups, 
distinguished by size, and partly also by coloration. 
Under the common title of true kangaroos may be included all 
the larger forms, characterised by their generally uniform and sombre 
coloration, and their large and massive skulls, in which the hinder portion of the 
skull is well ossitied. The best known of all the species is the great grey kangaroo 
(ML. giganteuws)—the “boomer,” “old man,” or “ forester” of the colonists, to which 
allusion has been already made, and which is represented in the figure on p. 240. 
A full-grown male will measure 63 inches from the tip of the nose to the root 
of the tail, the length of the tail being 52 inches; while the entire animal 
will weigh some 200 lbs. This species is of rather slender and graceful 
build, with soft woolly hair, which is greyish brown above, and nearly white 
beneath on the under-parts and limbs, without any white markings on the face. 
It is further characterised by the middle of the muzzle being hairy between the 
nostrils, and also by the shortness from back to front of the permanent premolar 
tooth. It is an inhabitant of open plains, and is found over the great part of 
Australia and Tasmania. 
On the other hand, the red kangaroo (MI. rufus), represented in our coloured 
Plate, and the antelopine kangaroo (WV. antilopinus), together with certain allied 
species, are inhabitants of rocky districts, and have their muzzles completely naked, 
and the permanent premolar tooth of greater length from back to front. Their 
colours also may be more brilliant. The great red kangaroo is of slender build, 
with reddish coloured and very soft woolly fur, which corresponds to the under-fur 
of other species; the face having light markings and a black streak. This species 
inhabits South and Eastern Australia. The antelopine kangaroo, from North 
Australia, is distinguished by its massive build, and heavy, clumsy head, as well as 
by its short, coarse, straight, reddish hair, without any under-fur, and the absence 
of face-markings. It is stated to attain a weight of from 120 to upwards of 
1701bs. Another well-known species is the wallaroo (J/. robustus), from Queensland, 
New South Wales, and South Australia, in which the fur is long and thick, and of 
smoky grey colour; the build being also stout and heavy. 
Under the designation of large wallabies, or brush-kangaroos, 
may be included a group of smaller and brighter coloured species, 
distinguished by the more incomplete ossification of the hinder part of the bony 
palate, and by the third incisor tooth of the upper jaw having a single distinct 
notch near the middle of the crown. All these species frequent dense scrub-jungle, 
known in Australia as “brush”; and their leaping powers are nearly as great 
as those of the true kangaroos. One of the largest species is the red-necked 
wallaby (Mf. rujicollis), in which the length of the head and body may be as much 
as 41 inches, and that of the tail 31 inches. It occurs in New South Wales and 
Victoria, and is represented in Tasmania by a smaller variety known as Bennett's 
wallaby. Other well-known species are the black-tailed wallaby (MZ. walabatus), 
VOL. I1I.—16 
True Kangaroos. 
Large Wallabies. 
