Hind: Carboniferous Geology. 231 



The Middle Culm is more fossiliferous, and is well exposed 

 at Herborn. The Series consist of Calcareous shales, the 

 Posidonien Scheifer, with small nodules, resting on 7-8 metres 

 of black chert, which itself reposes on a Diabase of Upper 

 Devonian age. The succession is as follows : — 



Grunwacke or Grit . . 



Posidonomya becheri shales 



Chert 



Upper Devonian Diabase . . 



The flora and fauna of these beds is typically that of the 

 Lower Pendleside Series, with the exception that Pterinopecten 

 papyyaceus has not been found there. I just mention the 

 most important : — 



Adiantites antiquus. 

 Glyphioceras. 

 Orthocevas striolatuni. 

 Avic'ulopecten losseni. 

 Cantavophorict papyracea. 



Posidonomya becheri. 

 Orthoceras scalare (often called 



with us O. Konincki). 

 A ctinoptevia persiilcata. 

 Listvacanthiis bevrichi. 



and Trilobites. 



This fauna has been described by Prof. V. Koenen. 



I regret to say that I did not visit the Culm of Westphalia, 

 but thanks to Professor Kayser, I was able to study his fine 

 collection of fossils f rom ^that area, and with. his information 

 as to the sequence, have arrived at the following results : — - 



Prof. Kayser's collections were from two localities — 

 Hagen and Aprath, near Elberfeld. The general sequence is 

 as follows : — 



Flotzeere Sandstein with plants .. .. ..2000 metres 



C\x\rn. tons,ch\eiei- \\'i\.\\ Glyphioceras reticidatum .. 200 ,, 



Dark thin-bedded Limestones, with Hagen fauna 



at base . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 ,, 



Silicious Limestone, with Goniatites . . . . 50 ., 



Cherts, with Aprath fauna 



Phtanites with Prolecanites coinpressits . . . . 5 ,, 



Devonian Rocks 



The Apath fauna contains a fauna typical of the very lowest 

 of the Pendleside series. 



Noiiiisnioceras rotiforine Prolecanites compressus. 



Trincoceras hibernicum Productus plicatus Sarres 



Pteurodyctiiim dechianum. 



and, as might be expected, the oldest facies of any fauna in 

 the sequence. 



i^To be continued). 



1909 June I. 



