246 Hind: Carboniferous Geology. 



outcrops of a slaty breccia with some limestone, which yield the 

 following fauna : — 



Productiis giganteus. j Prndiictus punctatits. 



,, semireticulatus. Sf^irifer ci. bisulcatits. 



Orthotetes crenistria. \ Choiieles papyracea. 



Corals and Trilobites. 



Cyaihophylliini. I Cyclophylliini. 



Cyathaxonia. \ 



i.e., a fauna of a type high up in the Visean, totally 

 different from any of the known Culm faunas of Germany, and 

 in this I am in agreement with Dr. Parkinson. The strati- 

 graphical relation of the Konigsberg fauna to any of the Culm 

 faunas is utterly unknown, no section exists which shews any 

 connection between them. The Konigsberg beds are under- 

 laid by a Grit (grauwacke), and the Herborn beds are, on the 

 other hand, immediately succeeded by a grauwacke, but 

 there is not any evidence definite enough to shew that the grau- 

 wacke is the same or on a different horizon. Other outcrops 

 of similar slaty breccias have been found in the neighbourhood 

 of Battenberg with organic remains in a fragmentary condition, 

 which I see no reason to think are other than on the horizon of 

 the Konigsberg beds. Now the whole district is much disturbed 

 and overthrusts are many, and the Konigsberg beds themselves 

 are much contorted and broken, so that little inference can be 

 drawn from small isolated sections. Stratigraphical evidence 

 being wanting, the key to this problem must be sought else- 

 where where the faunal succession is well known. It is true 

 that in the neighbourhood of Konigsberg, 400 yards east of 

 village, we find a succession from above downwards of Posi- 

 donomya beds. Chert, Diabase, Upper Devonian, and that when 

 these beds are cut off by a fault, a section shews a grauwacke, 

 on which lies a slaty breccia with limestone containing the 

 Visean fauna. 



The Culm fauna has never yet been found to occur else- 

 where below a true Visean fauna. It is a definite, distinctive, 

 and characteristic fauna, unknown at any Carboniferous horizon 

 except immediately succeeding the Visean or Upper Dibunc- 

 phyllum zone. 



It is most interesting to know that there are traces of a 

 Visean fauna in South Germany, which have been preserved 

 amid the upheavals and shatterings that the rocks have under- 

 gone since deposition, and that contemporary volcanic action. 



Naturalist, 



