198 Distribution of Moths of the Sub-family Bistoninae. 
these very successfully prevented any great gain of ground 
to the south and, of necessity, caused the present range of 
L. ursaria in the United States other than in the New England 
States, to be very limited. 
The section, however, which reached Canada across the 
Niagara, had no such climatic conditions forbidding its advance 
and, although possibly delayed by the remains of the Great 
Keewatin Ice Sheet, gradually skirted the Great Lakes west- 
ward and eastward. Augmented in its eastern course by 
that part of the original column which had not passed west- 
ward along Lake Erie, but had colonised the more northerly 
New England States, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and 
had crossed, after delay, the broad St. Lawrence, it slowly 
passed into Labrador as the Labrador Ice gave way. 
The westward march carried the species across a broad 
belt of suitable territory right up to the foothills of the Rockies. 
Thus L. ursaria, with possible changes due again to partial 
recurrences of glacial conditions causing it to retrace its course, 
attained its present locations. 

3 Ole 

We should like to congratulate our old, but ever young friend Mr. W. 
Whitaker, F.R.S., on having reached his 80th birthday. We trust he 
may long be spared to continue the excellent work he is always doing. 
From Mr. A. C. Dalton, a former contributor to this Journal, we have 
received the reprint of his paper, ‘‘ Electric Steel Direct from Ore Fines : 
Converting Refractory Ores into Pig Steel in an Electric Shaft Furnace 
using Natural Draft: The Metallurgical Possibilities and Uniform Pro- 
duct,’ which appeared in the Jvon Age recently. 
At the recent annual meeting of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary 
Society a statement of accounts, presented by Mr. Richard Wilson, the 
treasurer, showed an adverse balance of £623. The annual report recorded 
that the number of visitors to the Museum in the past year was 22,110, 
an increase of 6,500 over the number for 1914-15, and of nearly 2,000 over 
the average of the last ten years. 
The acting librarian of the Barnsley Public Library has issued a 
valuable Bibliographical List of Books, Pamphlets and Articles connected 
with Barnsley and the 1mmediate District, complied by Frank J. Taylor. 
This will be a very useful guide to students of local history, etc. Naturalists 
will find much to interest them under the head of Natural Science, Coal- 
Mining, etc. We cannot find that the Library possesses a set of the 
Barnsley Naturalists Society’s Quarterly Transactions, but we trust that 
some day this publication may be available. We understand the biblio- 
graphy is on sale at the Library, price 3d. 
In case any of our readers should see a reference to an article on ‘A 
very rare bird,’ which occupies a column and a half in Punch of May 10th, 
we may perhaps explain that the contribution is a joke, really. It’s 
about a bird ‘ specialist ’ who opined that some reed-warblers were nesting 
in an orchard, on account of the unmistakable note of that bird which he 
heard. It turned out, as might have been guessed, to be a mistake, and 
the reed-warbler was the wheel of the gardener’s barrow, which required 
oiling. The joke may be new to Punch, but to many of us it is more of 
botanical interest, and greatly resembles the fruit of Castanea sativa, a 
tree said to be of Spanish origin. 
Naturalist. 
