366 Ornithological Observations and Reflections in Shetland. 
human vision decisive differences between the two species, 
both in size, coloration and markings, there is yet a general 
resemblance, and if this is sufficient in nature to deceive the 
eye, at least in its practical working, then the initial stages of 
mimetic or protective resemblances would not seem really 
to present such difficulties as we are sometimes inclined to 
see in them. 
I do not see that the question is much affected by the fact 
that in the above two instances, the species concerned are 
closely related to one another. One might suppose that a 
generic resemblance would make an excellent starting point 
for a mimetic one. I cannot indeed, at this moment, recall 
any case of the kind, but they may nevertheless exist, though 
the very fact of the propinquity would tend to obscure any 
subsidiary process through which the initial likeness might 
have been increased. But what holds for two related species 
must hold equally for two belonging to separated groups, as 
between which the chance of circumstance had brought about 
the same or similar correspondence, from which the process 
of convergence might commence. 
The Kittiwakes now fly away from their bathing place by 
ones, by twos, by threes, sometimes by a few more, but not 
as a flock, and with intervals, which may be protracted ones, 
between each exodus. Some spread themselves over the land 
to feed, others, for the same purpose, seek the beach of the 
adjacent voe, but a few fly back to the place from which they 
came and where some have remained all the time. There are 
some, too, who fly first in a wild way over the waters of the 
loch, dashing and swooping down towards them and up again 
with hoarse clanging cries. They are not fishing but disporting 
themselves in pure joy—at least it seems so. 
(To be continued). | 

~O: 

The Journal of the Board of Agriculture for September contains par- 
ticulars of ‘ Experiments on the Preparation of Home-made Rennet,’ by 
A. Todd and E. C. V. Cornish, 
We have seen Volume X. of The Animal World, a monthly advocate 
of Humanity, which is issued by the Royal Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals. It is excellently printed and illustrated by numerous 
beautiful photographs, most of which have a bearing upon the Society’s 
aims. The Animal World is sold at 2d. a month, and should be in the hands 
of all who are interested in kindness to animals. It will particularly 
appeal to the young people. 
We have received the Thirty-etghth and Thirty-ninth Annual Reports 
and Proceedings of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Soctety 
(1s. 6d.), which contain 36 pages, and 11 pages separately paged, devoted 
to Sphinges (? of Lancs. and Cheshire). Besides the reports of the various 
meetings held during 1914 and 1915, the pamphlet includes the Presi- 
dential Address of Mr. R. Wilding, which contains a list of the additions 
to the British Insect Flora during the past twelve months. 
Naturalist, 
