CONTENTS Vil 
(Cursorius) — Black-Backed Courser (Pluvianus)— The Plover Tribe (Family ao 
Charadriide)— Ringed Plover (Agialitis) — Sand Plovers (gialophilus) — True 
Plovers and Dotterels (Charadrius) —Lapwings—Four-Toed Lapwings (Vanellus) 
—Three-Toed Lapwings (Hoplopterus) — Wattled Lapwings (Lobivanellus) — Stilts 
(Himantopus) — Avocets (Recurvirostra) — Oyster-Catchers (Hematopus) — Curlews 
and Whimbrels (Numenzus)— Phalaropes (Phalaropus)— Hard-Billed Sandpipers 
and Ruffs (Totanus) — Godwits (Limosa) — Snipe-Beaked Sandpipers (Hreuwnetes) 
—Turnstones (Strepsilas)—Cleft-Footed Sandpipers (Tringa)—Sanderling (Calidris) 
—Painted Snipe (Rhynchea) — Woodcock and Snipe (Scolopaa)— Jacanas and 
Water - Pheasants (Family Parride) — Sheath-Bills (Family Chionidide) — Seed- 
Snipe (Family Thinocoride)— The Gull Tribe (Order Gaviw)—Terns, Skimmers, 
and Gulls (Family Laride)—Terns (Hydrocheiidon and Sterna)—Noddies (A nous)— 
Skimmers (Rhynchops) — Fork-Tailed Gulls (Yema) — Ross’s Gull (Rhodostethia) 
Typical Gulls (Larus)—Kittiwakes (Rissa)—Ivory Gull (Pagophila)—The Skuas 
(Family Stercorariide),  . - ; : : : : : . 470 
CHAPTER XX.—THE TuBr-Nosep Birps, Divina Birps, and PENGUINS,— 
Orders Tubinares, Pygopodes, and Impeinnes. 
Characteristics of the Tube-Nosed Birds — The Albatrosses (Family Diomedeide) — The 
Petrels (Family Procellarvide)—Giant Petrel (Ossifraga)—Fulmar Petrel (fulmarus) 
—Allied Genera— Shearwaters (Puffinus) — Capped Petrel and Bulwer’s  Petrel 
(Estrelata and Bulweria)—Cape Petrel (Daption)—Dove-Petrels (Prion)—Storm- 
Petrels (Procellaria)—Allied Petrels—Wilson’s Petrel (Oceanites)—The Diving Petrel 
(Pelecanoides) — The Diving Birds (Order Pygopodes)—The Auks (Fanuly <Aleide) 
—True Auks (Alcea) — Great Auk—Razorbill — Guillemots (Uria) — Short-Billed 
Guillemots (Brachyrhamphus)— Little Auk (Mergulus)—Pacifie Pigmy Auks (S7no- 
rhynchus, ete.)—Puftins (Fratercula)—The Divers (Family Colymbidw)—The Grebes 
(Family Podieipedide)-— Typical Grebes (Podicipes) — Thick-Billed Grebes (Pod- 
ilymbus)—The Penguins (Order Impennes)—The Genera and Habits of the Spheniscida, — 519 
CHAPTER XXI.—Tue Tinamus, Fuicutiess Birps, Erc,—Groups Crypturi, 
Stereornithes, Ratite, Odontornithes, and Saurure. 
Characters and Genera of the Tinamus (Order Crypturi, Family Tinamide)— Extinct 
Patagonian Flightless Birds (Group Stereornithes)—The Flightless or Ostrich-Like 
Birds (Subclass Ratitw)— The Ostriches (Family Struthionide)—Their Distribution 
and Habits-—Capture and Domestication—-The Rheas or American Ostriches (Family 
Rheide)—The Cassowaries and Emeus (Family Casuariida)—Cassowarties (Caswarius)— 
Emeus (Dromeus) — Allied Extinct Birds —The Kiwis (Family Apterygide)— 
The Extinct Moas (Family Déinornithide) — The Epyornithide —'Toothed-Birds 
(Group Odontornithes)—Lizard-Tailed Birds (Subclass Saurure, Genus Archwopteryr) . 55] 
INDEX To FourrH Vonumr, comprising Sections VII. and VIIL., : 2 5 ee Dini 

