PENGUINS. 547 
pair of yellow crests on the sides of the head, which are continued forwards as 
streaks above the eyes to the neighbourhood of the base of the beak. In the rock- 
hopper these crests are much elongated, attaining a length of from 3 to 5 inches, 
while in the New Zealand species they are much shorter, never exceeding a couple 
of inches in length. The total length attained by the latter species is 27 inches. 
Nearly allied is the little blue penguin (Hudyptula minor), of Southern Australia 
























































































































































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ROCK-HOPPER PENGUINS (} nat. size). 
and New Zealand, which does not measure more than 19 inches in length, and has 
no yellow streaks or crests on the head; the general colour of the plumage of the 
upper-parts being light blue, with a median black line down each feather, while 
the under-parts are dazzling white. Fossil remains of both these genera occur in 
the superficial deposits of New Zealand. The remaining penguins are included in 
the genus Spheniscus, of which the black-footed penguin (S. demersus), of South 
Africa, Humboldt’s penguin (S. hwmboldti), of Western South America, and the 
jackass penguin (S. magellanicus), of the Falkland Islands are well-known examples. 
