102 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. 
moderate size; and the pupils of the eyes circular. 
The tail is so small as to be scarcely visible among the 
long hairs by which it is surrounded. 
Before proceeding to describe the Brown Bear, which 
forms the subject of the present article, it may not be 
amiss to take a glance at the history of the genus of 
which it is the type, for the purpose of showmg how 
greatly zoological science has advanced within the last 
half century. A single species, that which is about to 
engage our more particular attention, was known to the 
ereat systematist of nature; and it was not until the 
tenth edition of his immortal work that he ventured 
even to question whether the White Bear of the polar 
regions, which he had never seen, might not be in 
reality distinct. Pallas converted this doubt into a 
certainty, and added a third species in the Black Bear 
of America. In 1788 a draughtsman of the name of 
Catton published the figure of a remarkable animal, 
which he called the Petre Bear, but which the more 
scientific naturalists of the day perverted into a Sloth. 
This was the first Indian species known; and to it 
Sir Stamford Raflles added a second, M. Duvaucel a 
third, and Dr. Horsfield a fourth. A second American 
species, the Grisly Bear, which had been repeatedly 
noticed by travellers, was zoologically described by 
Messrs. Say and Ord. Baron Cuvier has also described 
as distinct the Black Bear of Europe, with respect to 
which he nevertheless appears latterly to have enter- 
tained some doubt; his brother, M. Fréderic Cuvier, 
has figured no less than three imdividuals of races ap- 
parently differing from those previously known, brought 
respectively from the Pyrenees, Siberia, and the Cor- 
dilleras of the Andes; and Dr. Horsfield has given a 
notice of a species from Nepaul agreeing more closely 
in habit with the European Bear than with those of 
