274 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. 
appendages which terminate the feet of quadrupeds 
bear indeed, in most cases, a determinate relation to the 
quality of their food, and to their means of procuring it; 
and there are few instances in which the experienced 
anatomist would not be enabled, from the examination 
of the nail, the claw, or the hoof alone, to mdicate at 
least the general characters of the intestinal canal of 
the animals to which they might respectively belong. 
There are, however, few general laws that do not 
admit of some exceptions; and an ingenious writer of 
the present day has fancied that he has found one to 
the rule in question in the Hogs, which, in common 
with the older naturalists, he considers as “ quadrupeda 
bisulca non ruminantia.” But the slightest examina- 
tion of these organs will suffice to prove that the hoofs 
of the Hogs differ as essentially from those of Ruminant 
Quadrupeds as their stomachs; and that these animals 
form in both respects the passage between the Rumi- 
nating and Pachydermatous tribes, although they are 
much more closely allied to the latter. We believe 
that there does not exist an instance in which the 
true parted hoof is found independent of rumination ; 
although the converse of this proposition cannot be 
maintained with equal strictness. 
The exceptions to which we now allude are found in 
the Llamas and the Camels, which alone of all the 
Ruminants have their hoofs formed on a different plan 
from that which generally pervades the tribe. Instead 
of having short and abruptly truncated toes, completely 
enveloped in large hoofs, flattened internally, and form- 
ing the sole basis on which the animal rests in progres- 
sion, these groups have their toes elongated forwards 
and terminating in small horny appendages, surrounding 
the last phalanx alone, rounded above and on either 
side, and somewhat curved, while the under surface of 
