284 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. 
limb, the increased length of its wool, and the quiet 
mildness of its disposition, may all be regarded as the 
natural and almost inevitable results of its domestic 
education; while the perfect flatness of its forehead, 
which forms a straight line with the muzzle, and con- 
trasts so strongly with the bold curve of the same part 
in the brown variety, is equally indicative of a long 
subservience to human control. In proof of this it is 
scarcely necessary to refer to the still more remarkable 
modifications which other domesticated quadrupeds have 
undergone, and which have removed them to so great a 
distance from their originals as to render it impossible 
to determine their mutual relations to each other. 
In its native state the Llama, or Guanaco as it is 
then termed, is almost uniformly brown; but in domes- 
tication it assumes a variety of colours, of which the 
most usual are black, brown, gray, and white. These 
colours are frequently mixed in various proportions, or 
spread in large patches over the body of the animal, 
which thus becomes mottled or piebald. The unmixed 
white appears to be the least common; insomuch that 
a White Llama was, according to Father Feuillée, the 
presiding deity of the natives of the province of Callao, 
prior to its annexation to the empire of the Incas. 
Incomparably the best figure that has yet been given 
of the Llama in its domesticated state is that which is 
contained in Frézier’s Voyage to the South Seas, where 
the animal in front presents an admirable likeness of 
the white variety in the Society’s Garden. 
At the period of the arrival of the Spaniards in Peru, 
the Llamas were the only Ruminants known to the 
inhabitants, by whom they were employed as beasts of 
burthen, and were also killed in vast quantities for their 
flesh and for their fleece. Gregory de Bolivar estimates 
that in his time four millions were annually killed to be 
