136 GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 
The sands of the deserts, steppes, and rivers, ought to be. 
carefully collected. The sands of rivers often contain precious 
stones and metals, and hence become interesting objects to the 
naturalist. The sands of deserts and steppes throw much light 
on the nature of the surrounding country, and are much prized 
by the geologist. 
Numerous mineralized, animal, and vegetable remains, oc 
cur imbedded in strata of different kinds. All these ought to 
be very carefully collected and preserved. Abundance of 
shells, in a fossil or petrified state, are found in limestone ; of 
| vegetables, in slate, clay, sand-stone, &c. ; and numerous bones, 
_ and even whole skeletons of quadrupeds, birds, amphibious 
animals, fishes, and also insects, occur in rocks of various de- 
| scriptions. , 
The mineralogist ought to provide himself with hammers of 
various sizes. One for common use of two pounds weight ; 
others, three, four, and six pounds weight. He ought to 
have various chissels, differing in form and size. Likewise, a 
set of small boring-irons. A mariner’s compass, small magni- 
fying glass, goneometer, and blow-pipe, ought also to form 
part of his equipment. That admirable instrument, the Sim- 
piesometer, invented and sold by Mr Adie of Edinburgh, for 
ascertaining the altitude of places, should also be possessed 
by every traveller and naturalist ; as also the Thermometer, 
the Hyrometer, or Dew Point instrument, the Photometer, 
| and the Kilinometer, all made by the same gentleman. Nor 
| should the mineralogist neglect to provide himself with a 
strong bag, in the form of that used by sportsmen, which ought 
to be lined with strong leather covered with wax-cloth, and 
_ the outside ‘of some durable cloth. 
Besides these, there are many other instruments required 
by naturalists, a complete set of which will be found in the 
Appendix, with their prices ; and these are all made by Mr | 
Adie, optician and instrument maker to his Majesty, one of the 
first in his line in this or any other country. 
To illustrate the past and present condition of mankind, the 
various articles of antiquity, dresses of different nations, im- — 
plements of agriculture, warlike instruments of nations and 
wibes, ought also to be collected. 
