134 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



York are, Scincus, Tropidolepis, Plestiodon, Lygosoma, Amciva, and 

 Phrynosoma. 



Tortoises, especially the fresh-water kind, are very abun- 

 dant ; and the genera Aromochelys, Chelycha, Terrapene, and 

 Trionyx, are nearly, if not quite, confined to this division of the 

 region. 



Amphibia. — Almost all the remarkable forms of Urodela, or 

 tailed batrachians, peculiar to the region are found here only; such 

 as Siren and Pscudobranchus, constituting the family Sirenidse ; 

 Menobranchus, allied to the Proteus of Europe ; Amphiuma, an 

 eel-like creature with four rudimentary feet, constituting the 

 family Amphiumidse ; Notopthalmus, Desmognathus, and Meno- 

 poma, belonging to the Salamandridse ; together with several 

 other genera of wider range. Of Anura, or tail-less batrachians, 

 there are no peculiar genera, but the Neotropical genus of toads, 

 Engystoma, extends as far as South Carolina. 



Fishes. — Owing to its possession of the Mississippi and the 

 great lakes, almost all the peculiar forms of North American 

 fishes are confined to this sub-region. Such are Perca, Pileoma, 

 Huro, Bryttus, and Pomotis (Percidae) ; the families Aphredode- 

 ridae and Percopsidae ; several genera of Cyprinodontidae and 

 Cyprinidae ; and the family Polydonticlae. 



Islands of the Alleghany Sub-region. 



The Bermudas. — These islands, situated in the Atlantic, about 

 700 miles from the coast of Carolina, are chiefly interesting for 

 the proof they afford of the power of a great variety of birds to 

 cross so wide an extent of ocean. There are only 6 or 8 species 

 of birds which are permanent residents on the islands, all com- 

 mon North American species ; while no less than 140 species 

 have been recorded as visiting them. Most of these are 

 stragglers, many only noticed once ; others appear frequently 

 and in great numbers, but very few, perhaps not a dozen, come 

 every year, and can be considered regular migrants. The per- 

 manent residents are, a greenlet ( Vireo noveboracensis), the cat- 

 bird (Galeoscoptes carolinensis), the blue bird {Sialia sialis), the 

 cardinal {Cardinalis virginianus), the American crow (Corvus 



