204 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv. 



northern ; while Stcnorhynchus and Morunga, with their allies, 

 are mostly southern. The genera admitted by Dr. Gray in his 

 catalogue are as follows : — 



Callocephalus (3 species), Greenland, North Sea, also the 

 Caspian Sea, and Lakes Aral and Baikal ; Pagomys (2 species), 

 North Sea, North Pacific, and Japan ; Pagoyhilus (2 species), 

 North Pacific and North Atlantic ; Halicyon (1 species), North 

 "West coast of America ; Phoca (2 species), North Atlantic and 

 North Pacific, Japan ; Halichoerus (1 species), Greenland, North 

 Sea, and Baltic ; Pelagius (2 species), Madeira, Mediterranean, 

 Black Sea ; Stenorhynchus (1 species), Antarctic Ocean, Falkland 

 Islands, New Zealand ; Lobodon (1 species), Antarctic Ocean ; 

 Leptonyx (1 species), Antarctic Ocean, South Australia, East 

 Patagonia ; Ommatophoca (1 species), Antarctic Ocean ; Morunga 

 (2 species), California, Falkland Islands, Temperate regions of 

 Southern Ocean ; Cystophora (2 species), North Atlantic, Antilles. 



Fossil Seals. — Eemains of living species of seals have been found 

 in Post-tertiary deposits in many parts of Europe and in Algeria, 

 as well as in New Zealand. Pristiphoca occitana is a fossil se al 

 from the Pliocene of Montpellier, while a species of Phoca is said 

 to have been found in the Miocene deposits of the United States. 



General Bemarks on the Distribution of the Carnivora. 



Terrestrial Carnivora. — For the purposes of geographical dis- 

 tribution, the terrestrial and aquatic Carnivora differ too widely 

 to be considered in one view, their areas being limited by barriers 

 of a very different nature. The terrestrial Carnivora form a very 

 extensive and considerably varied group of animals, having, with 

 the doubtful exception of Australia, a world-wide distribution. 

 Yet the range of modification of form is not very great, and the 

 occurrence of three families consisting of but one species each, is 

 an indication of a great amount of recent extinctions One of 

 the most marked features presented by this group is its com- 

 parative scarcity in the Neotropical region, only four families 

 being represented there (not counting the Ursidre, which has 

 only one Andean species), and both genera and species are few 

 in number. Even the Procyonidee, which are especially South 



