444 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv. 



confined to Equatorial America. The distribution of the genera 

 is as follows : — 



Arges (2 sp.), Andes of Peru and Ecuador ; Stygogenes (2 sp.), 

 Andes ; Brontes (1 sp.), Andes ; Astrobiepus (1 sp.), Popayan ; 

 Callichthys (11 sp.), Tropical South America east of Andes, and 

 Trinidad ; Plecostomus (15 sp.), Tropical South America east of 

 Andes, and Trinidad ; Liposarcus (3 sp.), Surinam and Brazil ; 

 Chaiostomus (25 sp.), Tropical America, Trinidad, and Porto 

 Rico ; Ptcrygoplichthys (4 sp.), Brazil ; Rhinelepis (1 sp.), Brazil; 

 Acanthicus (2 sp.), Equatorial America; Loricaria (17 sp.), 

 Tropical South America east of Andes ; Accstra (4 sp.), Brazil 

 and Guiana ; Sisor (1 sp.), Northern Bengal ; Urethistes (1 sp.), 

 Assam ; Pseudccheneis (1 sp.), Khasya Hills ; Exostoma (2 sp.), 

 Assam and Tenasserim ; Bunocephahis (2 sp.), Guiana ; Buno- 

 cephalichthys (1 sp.), Bio Branco, North Brazil ; Aspredo (6 sp.), 

 Guiana. 



Sub-family 7 (Silurid^: Opisthopter^) consists of two 

 groups: Nematogenyina (2 genera), and Trichomycterina (3 

 genera), and is confined to South America. The distribution of 

 the genera is as follows : — 



Heptapterus (2 sp.), South America ; Ncmatogenys (1 sp.), 

 Chili ; Trichomycterus (7 sp.), South America to 15,000 feet 

 elevation; Eremophilus (1 sp.), Andes of Bogota; Pariodon (1 

 sp.), Amazon. 



Sub-family 8 (Silurid^e BranchicoLjE) is confined to Tropi- 

 cal South America. It consists of one group, Stegophilina, and 

 2 genera : Stegophilus (1 sp.), Brazil ; and Vandellia (2 sp.), 

 Amazon Valley. 



Family 60. CHARACINID^E. (47 Genera, 230 Species.) 



" Fresh-water fishes, with scaly bodies and without barbels." 



Distribution.— The Neotropical and Ethiopian regions. 



This extensive family is divided by Dr. Gunther into 1 groups, 

 viz. : Erythrinina (5 genera), South America ; Curumatina 



