420 “ Scientific I ntelligents. 
there is an increase of volume of 45 since the site volume of alco- 
hol is 62°8. When the second mi oi of hydrogen is bi by 
one of ethyl the same change of volume occurs and_we 106-2 for 
the specific volume of ether w hic h agrees with exper “tae = a. 
same result is obtained for the acids and aldehyds 
sidered as derived from water by the total or pba ges ropleperiie oof 
the hydrogen by radicals like acetoxyl CsHsO2 andacetyk@sls. I 
from the specific volume of acetic acid Cotas } O2=63:0 we sub- 
tract that of aldehyd — } in 62% 
volume of the 2 atoms of oxygen which occupy the space of the oxygen 
in water. The two atoms of hydrogen in water then occupy the space 
= 18°8-6:2=12'6 and each atom of hydrogen consequently the space 
6:3. From these considerations taken in connection with the results 
above stated the author makes the following representation of, the part | 
played by each element in forming the following — unds. 
culated. ep paageue 
=56'8 we obtain 6'2°as the spegific 
~ 
Water, Hy O? 62) go. iss 188", 
Wood-spirit, — ees hens "408 42 3 
Formic acid, —. t Os ve } 6-2 fein 40'8 418 
Alcohol, oe hoz hao } 62— 628 a 
Ether, Stn: }Oe See \e2= 1068 1062 
Acetic acid, ject aga } O2 9 } 6-2 es 628. ; 684 ; 
Anhydrous acetic acid, aor } Oz ee } 6-2 — 1068 109-9 | 
Aldehyd, eee } te 566. 568 
Aes, CoHiOr} $08) 9g 
Benzol, ae } ie \ — 942 960 
Kopp considers these results as shewing at least that in the acids 
C°H°QOx, 2 atoms of oxygen are contained in a different form from the 
other two. The author concludes his very interesting and able me- 
moir by some judicious remarks on the value of physical characteristics 
considered in connection with ane constitution.—Ann. der Chemie 
und Pharmacie, xcii, 1, Octo 54. 
2. On the employment of a salbiin of chlorid of iron in the galvanic 
battery.—At the suggestion of Liebig, Buff has determined the elec- 
_ galvanic element consisting of zinc in contact 
with dilute sulphuric acid and carbon in contact with a of ses- 
¢: 
