Mineralogy and Geology. 123 
oth. The few transverse fissures along the outer margin of the area, 
which affords a probable explanation of the accumulation of the drain- 
certain obliquity at the same time does exist, which, however, must be sg 
more closely examined before more can be said of it,  eaalial 
. 
_ this rock in the tertiary deposits of the Tibetan 
he eruption was certainly antecedent to the middle of the 
och 
e-land, show that 
t tert 
e 
iary 
_ papre Southern edge of the mountains there is nothing to prove the 
boundary of the land and sea, until the Tertiary period, when the coast- 
line is found along the general line of the existing outer hills. Still, 
the existence of fossiliferous beds in the salt-range in the north of the 
Punjab, apparently synchronous with those of the Indian water-shed, 
seems to render it probable that there was a Southern sea, contempo- 
taneous with the Northern, extending over the existing planes of North 
India, from the remotest times, and leaving an area of dry land between 
them, on what is now the Himalayan slope. The probability of this 
area of dry land is further shown by the almost total absence of fossils 
in these regions; nor does the existence of fossils at one single point in 
_ Aashmir, where only they have been found, indicate more than an 
irregularity of the outline of the land, such as might have been antici- 
pated. 
Turning next to the question of the dip, which, asa general rule is 
everywhere towards the axis of the elevation, it was stated that there 
e : 
which the resultant of all elevating forces will act ; and hence, in any 
ent 
subsequent elevation the weight of the mass will tend to make it re- 
hse, 
