124 Scientific Intelligence. 
volve, by the relative descent of the centre of gravity, and ascent of the 4 
point of application of the elevating forces, which will evidently tend to — 
increase the dip. 63 a 
The dip of the outer hills, however, which is almost everywhere — 
towards the interior of the chain, just as is the case with the rest of the — 
* mountains, cannot be attributed to these older movements, for these — 
ranges are among the most recent of the whole; nor is there, at first 
sight, any very evident connexion between the dip that they nite 
m. The 
the outer hills, when the ocean extended over the plains of Northern 
~ India. An upheavement of the mountains alone, the general sea-botiom 
remaining unmoved, would naturally terminate at the fissure, and anar 
row fringe of the younger beds would be raised on the flank of the older’ — 
mass, to which a dip the same as that of the older mass might be im 
ndency to revolve already explained. The repetition — 
of this process w make a succession of ranges, such as are seen 0 
the outer hills, apparently dipping under one another and the older beds, 
of the fragments of whieh they are evidently made up, in an inverse 
order, ; eo a ae : 
The paper concluded by a recapitulation of the progress of the Him- 
alayan chain, as far as it could be traced, from the earliest geological 
period to the present time. In this was pointed out the probable exist- 
ence of land with mountains already of considerable altitude, in the 
still swept over the whole of the existing plains of India; while the : 
Caspian probably extended over all the steppes of Western Turkista®, 
tothe foot of the Hindu-kish. To the north of the Himalayas, the : 
Northern sea appears to have covered the table-land of Tibet, occupy: — 
ing long fiords or estuaries between the mountain-ranges, which had al 
ready commenced to rise. 
to the basin of the Caspian, which sea was now separated from that ot — 
Aral. But the Indian Ocean probably still covered the northern pi 
