174 Geographical Distribution of Crastacea. 
From the survey already made, it is apparent, that the three 
grand divisions of the seas and coasts adopted in the preceding 
table, have very few species in common, and they correspond to 
a natural geographical arrangement. They constitute three 
kingdoms, to which two should be added, oo for the Arctie 
Seas, and the other for the Antarctic. These kingdoms are 
I. The Occidental Kingdom, embracing the Atlantic and Pa- 
cific coasts of America to the frigid region, or some point in the 
subfrigid region. 
Il. The e European Kingdom, extending from Cape Horn (or 
Cape Agulhas) to the Shetlands inclusive, ‘and embracing the ad- 
joining islands. 
Ill. The Oriental Kingdom, including the east coast of Africa, _ 
the south and east of Asia, and the is lands of 9 Indian and 
Pacific Ocean, exclusive of as American continen 
IV Arctic Kingdom, including Norway, Tesi Green- 
land, the Alascha Archipelago, and adjoining parts of the coasts 
of America und Kamtschatka, with other Arctic lands. 
V. The Antarctic Kingdom, embracing Fuegia, the Falk- 
lands, Southern New Zealand, and the lands or islands of the 
Antarctic Seas. 
It will not be understood that the torrid species in one of these 
kingdoms resembles the temperate more than do the torrid of an- 
other kingdom ; for this is far from true, since the distribution 
of genera is to a great extent determined by temperature, as 
already shown. But taking the range of species of the kingdoms 
through, there is a striking difference oti the kingdoms in 
species of the same temperature region o 
Each of the first three kingdoms are F aatuisily divided into 
three subkingdoms: a north, a “middl e, and a south, correspond- 
ing severally to the North Temperate, Torrid, and South 'Tem- 
perate zones of sea temperature. The impottauce of these di- 
visions will be a subject of further remark beyo 
he summary of the results in the predsaiig ‘table, presents 
some striking facts 
We observe, fist, that there is a ratio of 1: 1:5 between the 
Maioids of the A and C divisions (that is between those of the 
Occidental and ‘Oriaian seas, as just explained), while the ratio 
is about 1 : 44 for the Cancroids. So also, while the ratio of the 
A and B divisions together pee ge and. European) to C (Ori- 
ml) is for the Maioids, nearly 1:1, it is for the Cancroids, 
i &. Here is a wide ailtecines Sane ‘the Occidental and 
foal seas a8 regards these groups. This last ratio is for the 
Corystoids nearly that for the Maioids, or more exactly, 1: 0°75; 
for the Grapsoids it is 1:2; for the Leucosoids, 1:22. 
eho Arctic and Antarctic Seas are here merged in the other 
kingdoms, with which they are most nearly associa 
