Chemistry and Physics. 409 
The specific volumes of a great number of chlorine compounds cor- 
respond well with those deduced by observation, if we assume the spe- 
cific volume of chlorine as 22°8. In like manner, the yolumes of iodine 
and bromine appear to be respectively 37°5 and 27-5. It is remarkable 
that bromine, as the author formerly conjectured, has the same specific 
volume, in its compounds at their boiling points, which it has at its own 
boiling point in the free state. 
The specific volumes of but few compounds of other elements have 
been so far studied as to admit of accurate determinations of the vol- 
umes of the elements themselves. Phosphorus, arsenic and silicon 
appear to have the same specific volume, namely, 26. The specific 
volumes of SnCle and Ti Cle are equal, and suggest that tin and 
titanium have the same volume in their fluid compounds.—Ann, der 
Chemie und Pharmacie, xcv, 1 
oduce. 
throw light upon the question whether the radicals methyl, ethyl, &c., 
ave when isolated the same equivalents which they have in combina- 
tion, or whether, as maintained by Gerhardt and Laurent, these equiva- 
lents must be doubled. If the molecules of ethyl, for example, on 
being set free unite with each other so as to form double molecules 
such as Gi then we should expect to be able to replace one eq. of 
ethyl in such a compound by one of some other similar radical, such 
as methyl for instance, so as to have a mixed or double radical like 
eo , . Wurtz has obtained such compounds by two different pro- 
cesses. Ist, by decomposing by sodium an atomic mixture of the 
iodids of the two radicals. 2d, by the electrolysis of a mixture of the 
fatty acids of the series ConHnOs. e author in the first place gives 
an account of the properties of butyl and amyl as pre ared and exam- 
7057 at . + 4-070 vols. 
Amyl (long since isolated by Kolbe) is a limpid and mobile liquid, hav- 
ing a slightly aromatic odor; its density at 0°C. is 0°7418: it dilates 
o 20° w ‘ 
deflects the plane of polarization to the right, but its power of rotation is 
very different in different specimens, and the author finds that the same 
is the case with amylic alcohol, which, however, deflects the plane of 
polarization to the left. By the action of perchlorid of phosphorus upon 
amyl, Wurtz obtained two chlorinated products having the formulas 
~ CioH10Cl q CroHeCle 
CroH10Cl ane’ Cr1oHsCle §° 
The radical ethyl-butyl as obtained by the first of the processes men- 
tioned above is a light and mobile liquid, boiling at 62°C. Its density 
at 0° is 07011; the density of its vapor is 3-°053=4 vols. Its formula 
isC4H Ca Hs } : es 
Z ; : Ethyl-amyl has the formula Biskiec (2 boils at 88° and 
Sconp Series, Vol. XX, No. 60.—! Vov., 1855. 52 
