1892.] Noteworthy Anatomical and Physiological Researches. 15 
culture, the cells growing more rapidly in contact with at- 
mospheric oxygen than when submerged. 
5. While this appears to be the chief factor, other elements 
such as better conditions of nutrition, etc., probably enter in 
as less important factors. 
These researches were carried on in the biological labor- 
atories of the University of Wisconsin. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Noteworthy anatomical and physiological researches. 
Apical areas in seed plants. 
The copious researches of MM. Van Tieghem and Douliot? 
on the origin of endogenous members in the vascular plants, 
published in the Aznales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 
during 1888, will be remembered by all students.of contempo- 
rary botanical literature. The conclusions arrived at regard- 
ing the apical cells of monocotyledons and the single apical 
cell of the Archispermz (gymosperms) are well known, having 
already found their way into at least one of the more promi- 
nent text-books. It is by no means universally admitted, 
however, that the proof of apical cells in these groups of plants 
is decisive. The older literature on the subject was given in 
résumé by Dingler? in 1882, but since that time the im- 
portant works of Karsten,* DeKlercher,* .Groom,* Kor- 
schelt, ® and others have appeared, supplementing the classic 
the Ann. des Sciences Nat. Botanigue, 1890, Douliot? re- 
views the later works and, adding some investigations of his 
own, maintains the positions advanced in 1888 in his paper 
in conjunction with Van Tieghem. In brief, his conclusions 
are as follows: 
‘Recherches comparatives sur l’origines des membres endogénes, Ann. Sci. 
Nat. _Botan., Vil. vit. I. (1888 oS 
Miinchen, 1882. 
‘Ueber die Anlage siete” Ona ‘bei den Pfla i n, : Laie 1886, 
ur l’anatomie et le dév ent du Ceratophyllum, Bihang, k. Sv. Vet. 
cae Hand. rx, Stockhol eg me ie” 
®5Ueber den Vegetationspunkt der Phanerogamen, Ber. der deutsch. bot. 
Gesell. 1885. 
®Zur Frage tiber das Scheitelwachsthums bei den Phanerogamen, Pringsh. 
Jahrb. wiss. Bot. 1884. 
7Sur la croissance terminale de la tige, Ann. Sci. Nat. Botan. VII, xz. 283. 
