22 : The Botanical Gazette. [January, 
one had been broken by the wind. Forty-six of the protected heads: 
remained. Twenty-seven (only 54 per cent,) had blossomed normally; . 7 
seventeen were more or less injured by animals. Ants had gained — 
access to t 
Ex ten nts with Serratula lycopifolia Vill., gave similar results, so 
that the usefulness of the ants in both of these cases can hardly bem 
disputed. But both plants are natives of the tropics where ants are — 
_ most abundant and most wonderfully developed. : 3 
There were few ants upon the seman of Solidago squarrosa. 4 
Perhaps this very fact accounts for the large number of beetles. But” 
the beetles as well as the numerous other visitors all seemed to suck ~ 
the nectar without doing injury to the head, and moreover they were 
observed after all or very nearly all of the flowers were gone, and their 
visits continued until the coming of cold weather, that is for about 
two weeks, if my memory is good. 
Ludwig says: “In Jurinea the involucral scales are reflexed during 
anthesis forming a protection to the flowers, while the scales of Serra- 
tula are appressed and accordingly, in Serratula the secretion of nectar 
continues after blossoming.” Solidago differs from both, for its invol- 
ucral scales are reflexed, and thé™: secretion is of long continuaiaa 
The plants were grown under unnatural conditions, on an expos 
hill at the edge of the Horticultural Garden here at Ithaca. It wil 
be necessary to observe them in their own haunts another year to 
ascertain surely whether ants are their guests and the champio 
against their Piste —ALICE Carter, /thaca, NV. Y.. 
EDITORIAL. 
A NEW FEATURE for American expositions has been inaugurated by 
the World’s Fair commissioners. It is proposed to hold a series © 
congresses in connection with-the Fair, to which those interested in 
hese 
