118 The Botanical Gazette. (April, 
plants outside the garden fence that try the patience of the 
husbandman. He has learned the methods of remedying 
the others, but the floating spores defy his keenest eyesight 
to discern and baffle his ingenuity to combat. The ways of 
the fungi are however being slowly and laboriously revealed 
by the microscope and conquered by the spraying pump. 
The former assists the latter, which as yet somewhat blindly 
fires effective ‘‘small shot” into the enemies ranks. 
Proper seeding, fertilizing, and weeding will do much to 
assist, in warding off the deleterious influences of fungous 
enemies for healthy plants, while not proof against their at- 
tacks, are less liable to be overcome by them. Let therefore 
everything be done that is possible before the last resort 
comes and then the fungicide will have the greatest effect and 
yield the most returns. Ifso much of the smut, rust, mil- 
dew, mold, rot, and blight of our cultivated plants is propa- 
gated by the wild plants hard by, it may be wise for every 
crop grower to pay attention to what is thriving outside his 
garden wall. He cannot build it high enough to shut out 
the spores, but he can do much to diminish the number of 
these spores. Having done this, he can take up the spraying 
pump with a brighter hope of future success. There was 4 
carcass, so to speak, in the pasture and he went out and 
buried it. Fungi are the basis of contagion and they infect 
at long range by means of their myriads of invisible spot 
To learn of their ways and find better methods of resisting 
them make the burden of many astatiorf botanist’s labor t0 ay 
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.F. 
Noteworthy anatomical and physiological researches. 
The stem and leaf of the mosses.’ ; 
After alluding briefly to the principal works on the subjes 
of his research, the author takes up the study of the anatomy 
the aerial stem of mosses, distinguishing four types- 
I. With uniform parenchyma containing chlorophyll 
«ed by: I. A zone of aquatic cells; Ist type, ee 
2. An epidermal layer; 2d type, Thuidium. 
ige et 
TIT, EuGENE: — Recherches anatomiques et physiologiqnes i pe 
la feuille des mousses, Re éné 1891.) 
341, 373, 406, 462, 561. ee ene a Ne 
pound: 
a num. 
