1892.] The Identification of Trees in Winter. 183 
but are not covered by the petiole-scars, the flattened tops 
_of the buds scarcely rising above the level of the scar or of 
the bark of the twig (Gymnocladus Canadensis Lam., fig. 31; 
Ptelea trifoliata Linn.)> The flattened buds of Atlanthus 
glandulosus Desf. would probably form a closely related ‘class. 
The remaining more prominently developed scaly buds can 
be most conveniently classified into: - 
3. Those which show only one or two scales exteriorly, with 
perhaps a glimpse of athird or fourth scale but no more (Smi- 
lax hispida Muhl., fig. 9; Liriodendron Tulipifera Linn., 
8.14; Rhus glabra Linn., fig. 15; Diospyros Virginiana 
Linn. ; Cornus florida Linn., fig. 35; Cornus paniculata 
LHer., fig. 36; Asimina triloba Dunal, fig. 1; Z7la Am- 
ertcana Linn.; Lindera Benzoin Meissner, fig. 33); and 
1. € with typically four or more scales exposed ex- 
teriorly. This class can be further subdivided into, a, 
scales, with the exception often of the first two, are seen to 
Sera Li tly metamorphosed stipules (Liriodendron Tuli pi- 
cus a fig. 14 ; Fagus ferruginea Ait. ; species of Quer- 
sibilities ee” Carpinius, Corylus, and Tilia) the list of pos- 
nti: 1S still further reduced. Thé’ marked crowding 
ies of ay buds towards the tips of the branches, as in spe- 
istic of “reus, is often evident enough to be quite character- 
Mor Certain species, but does not serve well as a basis for 
m2 general classification. 
