1892.] Relation of Fall to Spring Blossoming Plants. 237 
Of the various fall flowering species just cited only four 
have a geographical distribution extending further north than 
southern France. Cyclamen Europzum and C. Neapolitanum 
reach central France. Hedera Helix, and Colchicum au- 
tumnale extend considerably north of the northern boundary 
of France. The centre of geographical distribution for al- 
most all these species lies therefore south of France, and ina 
measure the habit of fall flowering, as exemplified by these - 
methods 
have gained this habit: 1. They may simply be cases of 
oe Succeeded in blossoming already in February, others 
and .. and the species in question even in November 
the “tober. Which of these three tendencies or methods _ 
Sause of the fall flowering of the species last mentioned! 
@ certain extent this question can be answered. — In the 
enco n of the various lists quite a number of species were 
untered which had developed the habit of fall flowering, 
their Si a retardation of the period of development © 
tai hese species were usually detected by the 
all their relatives were summer flowering species; 
Plants ates Close spring flowering relatives, nor did oe 
Cate thet ret, habits or in any part of their structure, One! 
at they had ever passed by the stage of a spring plant. 
