1892.] Relation of Fall to Spring Blossoming Plants. 243 
leaves appear during the same autumn, only later than the 
owers. Biarum tenuifolium flowers in Italy, inOctober. In 
the specimens examined, the leaves were not visible at all 
when flowering commenced. Schott places in the same genus 
the following species: B. Spruneri, Greece; B. Anguillare, 
Dalmatia ; B. abbreviatum, Greece; B. Zelebori, Greece, 
Asia Minor ; B. Russelianum, Syria. ~From his character- 
ization of the genus these species should have the same habits 
as the species first mentioned. The genus /scharum Blume, 
as defined by Schott, also flowers in autumn before the leaves 
appear. Ischarum Haenseleri occurs in Spain, I. dispar in 
- Th 
considered as including only those fall flowering species which 
qemeriy flowered in the spring. Their relation to spring 
do not flower also in the fall flower in spring; and there are 
oo summer flowering species at all. (In those cases 
* ads Summer flowering species exist, this proof is wanting. ) 
aaa t 
: ‘ “a fall are protected in scaly bulbs or in the subterrancan 
wc borne by corms until immediately before the flowering 
