244 The Botanical Gazette. [August, 
Canadensis the flower buds remain small all summer and do 
not develop until late in the fall. In Hedera Helix the scaly 
velopment at first. This points, by analogy, to the long re- 
tarded development of buds during winter, to a former spring’ 
flowering habit. 
3. Quite a number of species develop their blossoms more 
or less before the leaves. The leaves may develop later in 
the fall and during the winter, or may not appear until the fol- 
lowing spring. This habit finds its analogy among spring 
flowering species and suggests the former spring flowering 
habit of these fall blossoming species. 
considerable number of the species in question mature 
the fruit first in the spring of the following year, although the 
fruiting capsule or pod may develop considerably during the 
winter months. In many species the fruiting ovary remains 
in the ground during winter for protection against the cold, as 
heretofore described for Colchicum. In Hamamelis Canadensis 
the pod takes on a horny texture which protects it against the 
cold, and the fruit of Hedera Helix is also quite hard during 
winter months. = ; 
By the use of one or more of these data the former spring 
flowering habit of fall flowering plants may be determined. It 
remains to learn if the fall flowering habit resulted from the 
occasional reappearance in fall of the flowers of certain species 
flowering in spring under ordinary circumstances, or if they 
are Cases of earlier and earlier development of spring plants. 
The following facts are of importance in a consideration of this 
question: 
1. When related spring flowering species are 
numerous, as for example in Crocus, Narcissus, Colen 
Merendera and the like, one or more of the spring species W! 
always be found to commence flowering remarkably early, 
forming a sort of a link with the fall flowering species. sed 
2. It is not common for the related spring flowering speci _ 
