1892.] : ; Flowers and Insects. 271 
The nectar is secreted by an epigynous disk and is held in 
place by the abundant hairs on the base of the style and on 
the wall of the calyx-tube. To reach it bees must insert 
their proboscides between the filaments beyond the tips of 
the petals. For this purpose a proboscis at least 4 mm. 
long seems to be needed. 
The flowers are especially adapted to bumblebee females, 
the only sex of Bombus flying while the flowers are in bloom. 
These bees ane the only ones which, while sucking, invari- 
ably touch the anthers and stigmas. They cling to the petals 
and sepals, and the anthers and stigmas strike them about 
the base of the ventral surface of the abdomen. Of these the 
following were noted visiting the flowers for nectar: 
(1) Bombus separatus Cr. 9; (2) B. vagans Sm. ¢; (3) B. 
Virginicus Oliv. 9, ab.; (4) B. americanorum F. 9, very ab. 
Besides bumblebees there occur as frequent visitors a 
number of species of bees which insert their proboscides be- 
tween the filaments and are able to reach the nectar, but are 
So small that they never, or rarely, touch the anthers and 
stigmas, and so are to be regarded as mere intruders. Suchare: 
Apide: (1) Apis mellifica L. %, s. and c. p., ab.; (2) 
Osmia albiventris Cr. 4, s.; O. lignaria Say 4, s.; (4) 
Nomada luteola Lep. 49, s.; Andrenide: (5) a sade ea 
I : 
eels Cr. 9; (18) Colletes inaequalis Say 49, s. 
Diptera—Empide : (19) Empis sp., s. : 
The visitors were observed on nine days between April 
18th and 20th, 
thn ei of the stigma remains clear, and so can receive pol- 
Tought by insects. Bombus americanorum F. ¥, Was 
em for pollen. The flowers were seen in bloom 
from July I9th to Aug. roth. 
