1892. ] Botanical Papers atthe A. A. A. S. 277 
during and after anthesis, inautumn, when the root-branching 
isimmense. These roots come to the surface and either float 
or rise above it. If the water rises above them they grow 
longer. When transplanted to dry conditions the same root- 
system is developed. The rootlets, however, are not so long, 
but stop just above the surface of the ground, forming multi- 
tudes of little ‘‘knees” about an inch or less in height. A 
peculiar anatomical structure is found in the presence (in sec- 
tion) of four peculiarly modified cells, two of which belong to 
the endodermis and two to the row of cells just outside. These 
cells always lie in contact with the phloem cells and are so 
arranged as to enclose a rectangular intercellular space of con- 
siderable size and’ definite shape. They have large nuclei 
which are always upon the side of the cell next to the inter- 
cellular space. These spaces extend to very near the grow- 
ing point of the root, thus forming long tubes. This, taken 
in connection with the peculiar development of the roots and 
their place of growth, is strong evidence in favor of their per- 
forming the function of aeration. 
.M. UNDERWoop: ‘‘Preliminary comparison of the he- 
patic flora of boreal and sub-boreal regions.” —To be published 
in full in the GAZETTE. 
.F. SMITH: ‘On the value of wood-ashes in the treat- 
ment of peach-yellows.”—This well-known treatment had been 
fully tested, and was found inefficient in all doses. The con- 
clusion was that peach-yellows cannot be cured or prevented 
Y wood-ashes. i 
. F. SMiru: “On the value of super phosphates and muri- 
ate of potash in the treatment of peach-yellows.”—This mixt 
the disease than otherwise. It was remarked that well-fed 
Plants may become diseased quite as readily as weak plants. 
G. MACLosKIE: ‘‘Notes on maize.” : is 
a: J. BEAL: ‘Spikes of wheat bearing abnormal spikelets. 
~Spikes of Missouri wheat, Champion Amber, Ear Re 
Clawson, and several others, bear spikelets eitherr udimentary 
aio near those normally appearing. ese are much 
‘ke reduced forms of miracle or Egyptian wheat, in 
Spikes are branched. Illustrated by specimens. 
- J: BEAL: “‘4 study of the relative lengths of the sheaths 
and internodes of grasses for the purpose of, determining to 
which the 
