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On the Distribution of Temperature in the Guif Stream. 31 
diagram, At each position a diagram was drawn similar to those 
of Nos. 1, 2, and 3, and from the curves traced with a free hand 
among the points, the results at the several depths, which are 
shown on diagram No. 4, were obtained. The curves traced 
among these points so as to preserve as far as possible consistent 
results for the various depths, are those given in the diagram 
the preliminary discussion of the results, I used the observations 
themselves at the different depths, and am, therefore, enabled to 
say, that while the curves present fewer irregularities by the last 
mode of discussion, as might be expected, the general results are 
hot in any essential particular changed by its adoption. The dia- 
gram shows the curve of distribution of temperature at thirteen 
different depths from the surface to five hundred fathoms. The 
depths at which observations were taken were the more numer- 
ous nearer the surface, where the changes of temperature were 
the most rapid. These curves were hext separated into groups, 
following the arrangement, which seemed best to apply to the 
Sections generally. On the Sandy Hook section, for example, as 
shown in diagram No. 5, the results from the surface to 30 fathoms, 
from 40 to 100 fathoms, at 200 and 300 fathoms, are grouped re- 
spectively in the curves m, 0, and p, and that for 400 fathoms is 
given in curve r. i : 
The point where the axis of the Gulf Stream, or line of highest 
temperature, is cut by the section, is distinctly shown on the dia- 
gram, and the minimum of temperature or “cold wall” within 
thirty miles of it, nearer the shore. These are the prominent 
atures in every case. Further from shore than the axis of the 
Stream, the Sandy Hook curves show one point of maximum and 
two points of minimum temperature. In the comparatively cold 
water of the in-shore-counter-current, two maximum points and 
one minimum are also distinctly marked. This diagram is in 
fact a general type of the results according to which the ocean in 
and near the Gulf Stream is divided into successive warmer and 
colder bands. The number and the general arrangement of them 
can, of course, only be made out by a comparison of the several 
Sections. In the discussion, such a diagram was drawn for eac 
The curves of diagram No. 5 do not at all indicate at what 
depths the temperature would approach to equality across the 
Section. 
. The corresponding results for the Cape Henry section are shown 
in diagram No. 6 dis. The first or “cold wall” minimum, the 
maximum, two minima and two maxima beyond the axis, 
are well made out in all the groups, for the surface to four hundred - 
fathoms, The mean of the results at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 fath- 
®ms, is shown by the curve n; that of 50, 70, 100, and 150 fath- 
ems, by 0; and of 200, 300, and 400 fathoms, bys. = 
* 
