426 Scientific Intelligence. 
are in the solid bottom, and the top of it is about the level of high tide. 
The top is square, as if cut off by an axe, and the longest time since 
pressions than from any fixed marks to refer to. I am confident, how- 
ever, that two feet in a hundred years, is not above the rate at which 
the shore is now sinking. - * - * * si 
From some facts collected, it would appear that the change on our 
own shore, is not confined to southern New Jersey. In the salt marshes 
some of the bends in South river, and the Raritan. The marsh cut 
through was from one to four feet deep, with a sandy bottom. Hun- 
tha’s Vineyard, and also near the southwest extremity of the same 
island. ey are seen too on the north side of Cape Cod, also oppo- 
site Yarmouth, and in Provincetown bay. Mr. Lyell, in his second 
visit to the United States, mentions a submerged forest “at Hampton, 
on the way from Boston to Portsmouth,” also one near Portsmouth, 
N. H., ‘now submerged at low water, containing the roots and upright 
stools of the white cedar, showing that an ancient forest must once 
have extended farther seaward.” {n his First Visit to North America, 
vol. ii, p. 143, he mentions a submerged forest somewhat similar near 
Fort Cumberland, in Nova Scotia. Jn the same work, vol. i, p- 131, 
in speaking of the coast of Georgia, he says, “I even suspect that this 
coast is now sinking down at a slow and insensible rate, for the sea 18 
encroaching and gaining at many points on the fresh water marshes. 
Thus at Beauly, I found upright stumps of trees of the pine, cedar and 
ilex, covered with live oysters and barnacles, and exposed at low tides ; 
the deposit in which they were buried having been recently was 
away from around them by the waves.” He records other observa- 
‘tram, the botanist, who wrote in 1792, as saying, ‘It seems evident 
ven to demonstration, that those salt marshes adjoining t 
